महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-53, verse-53

यथा हि यात्वा संग्रामे न जीये विजयामि च ।
तेन सत्येन संग्रामे हतं विद्धि जयद्रथम् ॥५३॥

53. yathā hi yātvā saṁgrāme na jīye vijayāmi ca ,
tena satyena saṁgrāme hataṁ viddhi jayadratham.

53. yathā hi yātvā saṃgrāme na jīye vijayāmi ca
tena satyena saṃgrāme hatam viddhi jayadratham

53. yathā hi saṃgrāme yātvā na jīye ca vijayāmi
tena satyena saṃgrāme jayadratham hatam viddhi

53. Just as, having entered battle, I am neither defeated nor fail to conquer, by that very truth, know Jayadratha to be slain in this battle.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, for, because)

• यात्वा (yātvā) - having entered (having gone, having reached)

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle (in battle, in war, in conflict)

• न (na) - not (not, nor, neither)

• जीये (jīye) - I am defeated (I may be defeated, I might be overcome)

• विजयामि (vijayāmi) - I conquer (I conquer, I win)

• च (ca) - nor (and, also, moreover)

• तेन (tena) - by that (by that, with that, by him)

• सत्येन (satyena) - by that very truth (by truth, by reality, by honesty)

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in this battle (in battle, in war, in conflict)

• हतम् (hatam) - slain (killed, slain, struck)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know (know, understand, realize)

• जयद्रथम् (jayadratham) - Jayadratha

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

यात्वा (yātvā) - having entered (having gone, having reached)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root √yā (class 2) with suffix -tvā.

Root: yā (class 2)

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle (in battle, in war, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, conflict, fight

Derived from saṃ- + √grabh (to seize)

Root: grabh

न (na) - not (not, nor, neither)

(indeclinable)

जीये (jīye) - I am defeated (I may be defeated, I might be overcome)

(verb)

1st person , singular, passive, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √ji

Optative

Root √ji (class 1, 2, 9), Passive voice, First person, Singular, Optative mood.

Root: ji (class 1)

विजयामि (vijayāmi) - I conquer (I conquer, I win)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √vi-ji

Present tense

From prefix vi- and root √ji (class 1), Active voice, First person, Singular, Present indicative.

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

च (ca) - nor (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by that (by that, with that, by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the truth (satya).

सत्येन (satyena) - by that very truth (by truth, by reality, by honesty)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, honesty, integrity, true

Derived from 'sat' (being) + 'ya' suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in this battle (in battle, in war, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, conflict, fight

Derived from saṃ- + √grabh (to seize)

Root: grabh

हतम् (hatam) - slain (killed, slain, struck)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, injured, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √han (class 2) + -ta suffix.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to Jayadratha.

विद्धि (viddhi) - know (know, understand, realize)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of √vid

Imperative

From root √vid (class 2), Active voice, Second person, Singular, Imperative mood.

Root: vid (class 2)

जयद्रथम् (jayadratham) - Jayadratha

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jayadratha

jayadratha - Name of a king, son of Vṛddhakṣatra, husband of Duśśalā (Duryodhana's sister).

Compound type : tatpurusha (jaya+ratha)

• jaya – victory, triumph, conquest
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)
• ratha – chariot, car, vehicle
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'viddhi'.