महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-53, verse-18

तमार्तमभिसंप्रेक्ष्य राजा किल स सैन्धवः ।
मृदु चात्महितं चैव सापेक्षमिदमुक्तवान् ॥१८॥

18. tamārtamabhisaṁprekṣya rājā kila sa saindhavaḥ ,
mṛdu cātmahitaṁ caiva sāpekṣamidamuktavān.

18. tam ārtam abhisaṃprekṣya rājā kila sa saindhavaḥ
mṛdu ca ātmahitam ca eva sāpekṣam idam uktavān

18. kila saḥ rājā saindhavaḥ tam ārtam abhisaṃprekṣya
mṛdu ca ātmahitam ca eva sāpekṣam idam uktavān

18. Having carefully observed him (Suyodhana), who was distressed, that King of Sindhu (Jayadratha) then spoke these words, which were gentle, considerate, and beneficial to himself.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him

• आर्तम् (ārtam) - distressed, suffering, afflicted

• अभिसंप्रेक्ष्य (abhisaṁprekṣya) - having seen carefully, having observed

• राजा (rājā) - king

• किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, reportedly

• स (sa) - that, he

• सैन्धवः (saindhavaḥ) - King of Sindhu (Jayadratha) (of Sindhu, an inhabitant of Sindhu)

• मृदु (mṛdu) - gentle, soft, mild

• च (ca) - and

• आत्महितम् (ātmahitam) - beneficial to oneself, conducive to one's welfare

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

• सापेक्षम् (sāpekṣam) - considerate, having regard for, relevant

• इदम् (idam) - this

• उक्तवान् (uktavān) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आर्तम् (ārtam) - distressed, suffering, afflicted

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, suffering, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ṛ (to go) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

अभिसंप्रेक्ष्य (abhisaṁprekṣya) - having seen carefully, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root īkṣ (to see) with prefixes abhi + sam + pra and suffix -ya

Prefixes: abhi+sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, reportedly

(indeclinable)

स (sa) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सैन्धवः (saindhavaḥ) - King of Sindhu (Jayadratha) (of Sindhu, an inhabitant of Sindhu)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - relating to Sindhu, an inhabitant of Sindhu, a king of Sindhu

Derived from Sindhu (the Indus river or region) with suffix -a

मृदु (mṛdu) - gentle, soft, mild

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, gentle, mild, tender

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आत्महितम् (ātmahitam) - beneficial to oneself, conducive to one's welfare

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ātmahita

ātmahita - beneficial to oneself, one's own welfare

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+hita)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)
• hita – beneficial, salutary, good, placed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhā (to place) and meaning 'placed, suitable, beneficial'
  Root: dhā (class 3)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

सापेक्षम् (sāpekṣam) - considerate, having regard for, relevant

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāpekṣa

sāpekṣa - having regard to, considerate, relevant, dependent

Compound of sa- (with) and apekṣā (regard, consideration)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+apekṣā)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• apekṣā – regard, consideration, expectation
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root īkṣ (to see) with prefix apa + ā
  Prefixes: apa+ā
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

उक्तवान् (uktavān) - spoke, said

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uktavat

uktavat - having spoken, one who has spoken

Past Active Participle

Derived from root vac (to speak) + -vat suffix

Root: vac (class 2)