महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-106, verse-9

भीमो वा सूतपुत्रेण स्मरन्वैरं पुरा कृतम् ।
सोऽयुध्यत कथं वीरः कर्णेन सह संयुगे ॥९॥

9. bhīmo vā sūtaputreṇa smaranvairaṁ purā kṛtam ,
so'yudhyata kathaṁ vīraḥ karṇena saha saṁyuge.

9. bhīmaḥ vā sūtaputreṇa smaran vairam purā kṛtam
saḥ ayudhyata katham vīraḥ karṇena saha saṃyuge

9. katham saḥ vīraḥ bhīmaḥ vā sūtaputreṇa vairam
purā kṛtam smaran karṇena saha saṃyuge ayudhyata

9. How did that hero (Bhima), remembering the enmity previously caused either by himself or by the son of the charioteer (Karna), fight with Karna in battle?

Words meanings summery:

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima (proper noun)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• सूतपुत्रेण (sūtaputreṇa) - by Karna (by the son of the charioteer, by Karna)

• स्मरन् (smaran) - remembering, recalling

• वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, anciently

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made, caused

• सः (saḥ) - Bhima (he, that)

• अयुध्यत (ayudhyata) - fought

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - Bhima (hero, brave one)

• कर्णेण (karṇeṇa) - with Karna (as opponent) (by Karna, with Karna)

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhima (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction for alternatives.

सूतपुत्रेण (sūtaputreṇa) - by Karna (by the son of the charioteer, by Karna)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer (epithet for Karna)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates agent of 'kṛtam' or the one with whom the enmity was.

स्मरन् (smaran) - remembering, recalling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smarat

smarat - remembering, recalling

Present Active Participle

from smṛ (to remember)

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ vīraḥ' (Bhima).

वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaira

vaira - enmity, hostility, hatred, antagonism

Note: Object of 'smaran'.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, anciently

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time, modifying 'kṛtam'.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made, caused

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, caused

Past Passive Participle

from kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'vairam'. The agents for this participle are indicated by 'bhīmaḥ vā sūtaputreṇa' (potentially a grammatical irregularity using nominative 'bhīmaḥ' instead of instrumental 'bhīmena').

सः (saḥ) - Bhima (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'ayudhyata', referring to Bhima.

अयुध्यत (ayudhyata) - fought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Third singular imperfect form of root 'yudh'.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

वीरः (vīraḥ) - Bhima (hero, brave one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, valiant

Note: Appositive to 'saḥ', referring to Bhima.

कर्णेण (karṇeṇa) - with Karna (as opponent) (by Karna, with Karna)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a warrior)

Note: Indicates companion or opponent in action, used with 'saha'.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Preposition governing the instrumental.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, conflict, combat

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Locative of place.