महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-106, verse-15

यो जातः कुण्डलाभ्यां च कवचेन सहैव च ।
तं सूतपुत्रं समरे भीमः कथमयोधयत् ॥१५॥

15. yo jātaḥ kuṇḍalābhyāṁ ca kavacena sahaiva ca ,
taṁ sūtaputraṁ samare bhīmaḥ kathamayodhayat.

15. yaḥ jātaḥ kuṇḍalābhyām ca kavacena saha eva ca
tam sūta-putram samare bhīmaḥ katham ayodhayat

15. yaḥ ca kuṇḍalābhyām ca kavacena saha eva jātaḥ
tam sūta-putram bhīmaḥ samare katham ayodhayat

15. How did Bhima fight that son of a charioteer in battle, he who was born with earrings and also with armor?

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced

• कुण्डलाभ्याम् (kuṇḍalābhyām) - with two earrings

• च (ca) - and, also

• कवचेन (kavacena) - with armor

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• च (ca) - and, also

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• सूत-पुत्रम् (sūta-putram) - Karna (son of a charioteer)

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war, on the battlefield

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima (name)

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• अयोधयत् (ayodhayat) - fought

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun

जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen

Past Passive Participle

From root 'jan' (4A, 'to be born'), Past Passive Participle

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to Karna (implied by 'yaḥ')

कुण्डलाभ्याम् (kuṇḍalābhyām) - with two earrings

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of kuṇḍala

kuṇḍala - earring, ring, coil

Note: Refers to Karna's innate earrings.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कवचेन (kavacena) - with armor

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kavaca

kavaca - armor, breastplate

Note: Refers to Karna's innate armor.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'sūta-putram' (Karna)

सूत-पुत्रम् (sūta-putram) - Karna (son of a charioteer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta-putra

sūta-putra - son of a charioteer

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard, one of mixed caste
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Karna

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, conflict, war

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ (class 3)

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhima (one of the Pāṇḍavas), formidable, terrible

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

अयोधयत् (ayodhayat) - fought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

Imperfect (causative or direct transitive/intransitive)

Root 'yudh' (4A or 10U), Imperfect, 3rd person singular active. Here it functions as 'fought' (intransitive or direct transitive) in a simple sense.

Root: yudh (class 4)