महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-106, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
यौ तौ कर्णश्च भीमश्च संप्रयुद्धौ महाबलौ ।
अर्जुनस्य रथोपान्ते कीदृशः सोऽभवद्रणः ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
yau tau karṇaśca bhīmaśca saṁprayuddhau mahābalau ,
arjunasya rathopānte kīdṛśaḥ so'bhavadraṇaḥ.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca yau tau karṇaḥ
ca bhīmaḥ ca sam-pra-yuddhau
mahā-balau arjunasya ratha-upānte
kīdṛśaḥ saḥ abhavat raṇaḥ

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca: yau tau mahā-balau karṇaḥ ca bhīmaḥ ca arjunasya ratha-upānte sam-pra-yuddhau (āstām),
saḥ raṇaḥ kīdṛśaḥ abhavat?

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: "When those two mighty warriors, Karṇa and Bhīma, were engaged in battle near Arjuna's chariot, what kind of combat did that become?"

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• यौ (yau) - who (dual masculine)

• तौ (tau) - those two

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

• च (ca) - and, also

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma

• च (ca) - and, also

• सम्-प्र-युद्धौ (sam-pra-yuddhau) - the two who fought, engaged in battle

• महा-बलौ (mahā-balau) - the two mighty ones, of great strength

• अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna

• रथ-उपान्ते (ratha-upānte) - near the chariot, by the side of the chariot

• कीदृशः (kīdṛśaḥ) - of what kind, what sort of, how

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he/it was, he/it became

• रणः (raṇaḥ) - battle, combat, conflict

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (name of the blind king, father of the Kauravas)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Irregular perfect tense form (lit lakāra)

Root: vac (class 2)

यौ (yau) - who (dual masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Corresponds to 'tau'.

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Karṇa and Bhīma.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (name of a warrior, son of Kunti and Surya)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (name of the second Pāṇḍava, son of Vayu)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सम्-प्र-युद्धौ (sam-pra-yuddhau) - the two who fought, engaged in battle

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sam-pra-yuddha

sam-pra-yuddha - engaged in combat, fighting

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'yudh' with prefixes 'sam' and 'pra'

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'tau Karṇaś ca Bhīmaś ca'.

महा-बलौ (mahā-balau) - the two mighty ones, of great strength

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahā-bala

mahā-bala - very strong, mighty, powerful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+bala)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'tau Karṇaś ca Bhīmaś ca'.

अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of the third Pāṇḍava)

रथ-उपान्ते (ratha-upānte) - near the chariot, by the side of the chariot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha-upānta

ratha-upānta - chariot-vicinity, near the chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+upānta)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• upānta – vicinity, edge, border
  noun (masculine)

कीदृशः (kīdṛśaḥ) - of what kind, what sort of, how

(interrogative adjective)

Note: Agrees with 'raṇaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'raṇaḥ'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - he/it was, he/it became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

रणः (raṇaḥ) - battle, combat, conflict

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, conflict, war