महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-63, verse-9

राजा विराटोऽथ भृशं प्रतप्तः श्रुत्वा सुतं ह्येकरथेन यातम् ।
बृहन्नडासारथिमाजिवर्धनं प्रोवाच सर्वानथ मन्त्रिमुख्यान् ॥९॥

9. rājā virāṭo'tha bhṛśaṁ prataptaḥ; śrutvā sutaṁ hyekarathena yātam ,
bṛhannaḍāsārathimājivardhanaṁ; provāca sarvānatha mantrimukhyān.

9. rājā virāṭaḥ atha bhṛśam prataptaḥ
śrutvā sutam hi ekarathena yātam
bṛhannadāsārathim ājivardhanam
provāca sarvān atha mantrimukhyān

9. King Virata, greatly distressed then, having heard that his son, who had Brihannala as his charioteer and who was escalating the battle, had indeed gone with a single chariot, then addressed all his chief ministers.

Words meanings summery:

• राजा (rājā) - king

• विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - Virata (name of a king)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly

• प्रतप्तः (prataptaḥ) - distressed, agitated, grieved

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• सुतम् (sutam) - Refers to Uttar, King Virata's son. (son)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely

• एकरथेन (ekarathena) - with a single chariot

• यातम् (yātam) - gone, departed

• बृहन्नदासारथिम् (bṛhannadāsārathim) - The son had Brihannala (Arjuna in disguise) as his charioteer. (having Brihannala as a charioteer)

• आजिवर्धनम् (ājivardhanam) - The son was escalating the battle. (battle-enhancing, increasing the battle, making the battle grow)

• प्रोवाच (provāca) - King Virata spoke. (he spoke, he said)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - All the chief ministers. (all, everyone)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

• मन्त्रिमुख्यान् (mantrimukhyān) - chief ministers

Words meanings and morphology

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - Virata (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - Virata (name of a king)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of the accusative singular of `bhṛśa` (intense, violent).

Note: Adverb modifying `prataptaḥ`.

प्रतप्तः (prataptaḥ) - distressed, agitated, grieved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratapta

pratapta - heated, scorched, distressed, agitated, suffering

Past Passive Participle

From `pra` (prefix) + `√tap` (to heat, suffer) + `kta` (suffix for PPP).

Prefix: pra

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `virāṭaḥ`.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From `√śru` (to hear) + `ktvā` (absolutive suffix).

Root: śru (class 5)

सुतम् (sutam) - Refers to Uttar, King Virata's son. (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child, born

Past Passive Participle (from √sū - to give birth) also functions as a noun.

From `√sū` (to give birth) + `kta` (suffix).

Root: sū (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

An emphasizing particle or causal conjunction.

एकरथेन (ekarathena) - with a single chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ekaratha

ekaratha - a single chariot, one chariot

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+ratha)

• eka – one, single
  numeral
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Denotes the means by which the son went.

यातम् (yātam) - gone, departed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yāta

yāta - gone, departed, arrived, marched

Past Passive Participle

From `√yā` (to go) + `kta` (suffix for PPP).

Root: yā (class 2)

बृहन्नदासारथिम् (bṛhannadāsārathim) - The son had Brihannala (Arjuna in disguise) as his charioteer. (having Brihannala as a charioteer)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bṛhannadāsārathi

bṛhannadāsārathi - one whose charioteer is Brihannala

Compound formed from `Bṛhannadā` (proper noun) and `sārathi` (charioteer).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bṛhannadā+sārathi)

• bṛhannadā – Brihannala (Arjuna's name during his disguise as a eunuch)
  proper noun (feminine)
• sārathi – charioteer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `sutam`.

आजिवर्धनम् (ājivardhanam) - The son was escalating the battle. (battle-enhancing, increasing the battle, making the battle grow)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ājivardhana

ājivardhana - increasing the battle, furthering the conflict, one who enhances the battle

Compound from `āji` (battle) and `vardhana` (increasing, strengthening).

Compound type : tatpurusha (āji+vardhana)

• āji – battle, combat, conflict
  noun (feminine)
• vardhana – increasing, causing to grow, strengthening, enhancing
  adjective
  Agent noun/Adjective from causative root
  From causative `√vṛdh` (to grow, prosper) + `lyuṭ` (ana) or `ṇa` (aka) suffix. Here used adjectivally.
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `sutam`.

प्रोवाच (provāca) - King Virata spoke. (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pravac

Perfect Tense (Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular)

From `pra` (prefix) + `√vac` (to speak).

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The subject is `rājā virāṭaḥ`.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - All the chief ministers. (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Marks a transition or sequence of events.

मन्त्रिमुख्यान् (mantrimukhyān) - chief ministers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mantrimukhya

mantrimukhya - chief minister, principal advisor

Compound of `mantrin` (minister) and `mukhya` (chief, principal).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mantrin+mukhya)

• mantrin – minister, counselor
  noun (masculine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)