महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-63, verse-35

द्यूते हारितवान्सर्वं तस्माद्द्यूतं न रोचये ।
अथ वा मन्यसे राजन्दीव्याव यदि रोचते ॥३५॥

35. dyūte hāritavānsarvaṁ tasmāddyūtaṁ na rocaye ,
atha vā manyase rājandīvyāva yadi rocate.

35. dyūte hāritavān sarvam tasmāt dyūtam na rocaye
| atha vā manyase rājan dīvyāva yadi rocate

35. He lost everything in gambling (dyūta). Therefore, I do not approve of gambling. However, if you, O king (rājan), think it appropriate, let us two play dice if it pleases you.

Words meanings summery:

• द्यूते (dyūte) - in gambling (in gambling, in dice-play)

• हारितवान् (hāritavān) - he lost (having lost, caused to lose)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (all, everything)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

• द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - gambling (gambling, dice-play)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• रोचये (rocaye) - I approve of (I like, I approve, I am pleased with)

• अथ (atha) - however, now (introducing an alternative) (now, then, moreover, or else)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• मन्यसे (manyase) - you think (it appropriate) (you think, you consider)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• दीव्याव (dīvyāva) - let us (two) play dice (let us two play dice)

• यदि (yadi) - if (if, whether)

• रोचते (rocate) - it pleases (you) (it pleases, it is agreeable)

Words meanings and morphology

द्यूते (dyūte) - in gambling (in gambling, in dice-play)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, dice-play, game of dice

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Past passive participle of root div (to play dice), used as a noun

Root: div (class 4)

हारितवान् (hāritavān) - he lost (having lost, caused to lose)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛ

hṛ - to take, carry, seize, steal, remove, lose

Kṛt affix (Active Perfect Participle)

From causative stem of root hṛ (to take, lose) with kṛt affix -tavat (expressing completed action by agent).

Root: hṛ (class 1)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (all, everything)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Functions as a noun, direct object of `hāritavān`.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of tad, used adverbially to mean 'therefore'

द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - gambling (gambling, dice-play)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, dice-play, game of dice

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Past passive participle of root div (to play dice), used as a noun

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Direct object of `rocaye`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb `rocaye`.

रोचये (rocaye) - I approve of (I like, I approve, I am pleased with)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ruc

Present Middle

From root ruc (to please), 1st person singular present middle voice

Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: The object, 'gambling', is in the accusative.

अथ (atha) - however, now (introducing an alternative) (now, then, moreover, or else)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used with `vā` to present an alternative.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects two alternative clauses.

मन्यसे (manyase) - you think (it appropriate) (you think, you consider)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present Middle

From root man (to think), 2nd person singular present middle voice

Root: man (class 4)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Direct address to King Virāṭa.

दीव्याव (dīvyāva) - let us (two) play dice (let us two play dice)

(verb)

1st person , dual, active, imperative (loṭ) of div

Imperative

From root div (to play dice), 1st person dual imperative

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Dual form implies 'let us two', referring to Kaṅka and Virāṭa.

यदि (yadi) - if (if, whether)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

रोचते (rocate) - it pleases (you) (it pleases, it is agreeable)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ruc

Present Middle

From root ruc (to please), 3rd person singular present middle voice

Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is 'it' (the proposal to play), and the implied dative is 'to you'.