महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-63, verse-33

कङ्क उवाच ।
किं ते द्यूतेन राजेन्द्र बहुदोषेण मानद ।
देवने बहवो दोषास्तस्मात्तत्परिवर्जयेत् ॥३३॥

33. kaṅka uvāca ,
kiṁ te dyūtena rājendra bahudoṣeṇa mānada ,
devane bahavo doṣāstasmāttatparivarjayet.

33. kaṅka uvāca | kim te dyūtena rājendra bahudoṣeṇa
mānada | devane bahavaḥ doṣāḥ tasmāt tat parivarjayet

33. Kaṅka said: O King (rājendra), O giver of honor (mānada), what is the purpose of gambling (dyūtena) for you, as it has many faults? There are many defects in gambling, therefore one should completely avoid it.

Words meanings summery:

• कङ्क (kaṅka) - Yudhiṣṭhira (in disguise as Kaṅka, the speaker) (Kaṅka (name of Yudhiṣṭhira in disguise))

• उवाच (uvāca) - (Kaṅka) said (said, spoke)

• किम् (kim) - what is the use (of) (what, why, for what purpose)

• ते (te) - for you (dative) (to you, your)

• द्यूतेन (dyūtena) - by gambling (i.e., 'what is the use of gambling') (by gambling, with gambling)

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king (O king of kings, O king)

• बहुदोषेण (bahudoṣeṇa) - having many faults (describing gambling) (having many faults)

• मानद (mānada) - O giver of honor (O giver of honor, O respectful one)

• देवने (devane) - in gambling (in gambling, in dice-play)

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many

• दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults, defects (faults, defects, evils)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

• तत् (tat) - that (gambling) (that, it)

• परिवर्जयेत् (parivarjayet) - one should completely avoid (one should avoid, he should shun)

Words meanings and morphology

कङ्क (kaṅka) - Yudhiṣṭhira (in disguise as Kaṅka, the speaker) (Kaṅka (name of Yudhiṣṭhira in disguise))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaṅka

kaṅka - name of a sage, name of Yudhiṣṭhira in disguise

उवाच (uvāca) - (Kaṅka) said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect

From root vac (to speak), perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what is the use (of) (what, why, for what purpose)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, why, for what purpose

Note: Often used with instrumental to mean 'what is the use of X?'.

ते (te) - for you (dative) (to you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Dative/Genitive singular of yuşmad

Note: Indicates the person for whom gambling holds a purpose.

द्यूतेन (dyūtena) - by gambling (i.e., 'what is the use of gambling') (by gambling, with gambling)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, dice-play, game of dice

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Past passive participle of root div (to play dice), used as a noun

Root: div (class 4)

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king (O king of kings, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, emperor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra (name of a god), chief, best
  noun (masculine)

बहुदोषेण (bahudoṣeṇa) - having many faults (describing gambling) (having many faults)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bahudoṣa

bahudoṣa - having many faults/defects

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+doṣa)

• bahu – many, much, abundant
  adjective (masculine)
• doṣa – fault, defect, vice
  noun (masculine)

मानद (mānada) - O giver of honor (O giver of honor, O respectful one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mānada

mānada - giver of honor, respectful, courteous

From māna (honor) + da (giver, from root dā 'to give')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (māna+da)

• māna – honor, respect, pride
  noun (masculine)
• da – giver, bestower
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/suffix
  From root dā (to give), used as a suffix in compounds
  Root: dā (class 3)

देवने (devane) - in gambling (in gambling, in dice-play)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of devana

devana - gambling, playing with dice

Noun of action

From root div (to play dice) + suffix -ana, forming a noun of action

Root: div (class 4)

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, abundant

Note: Agrees with `doṣāḥ`.

दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults, defects (faults, defects, evils)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, error, sin, evil

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of tad, used adverbially to mean 'therefore'

तत् (tat) - that (gambling) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Object of `parivarjayet`.

परिवर्जयेत् (parivarjayet) - one should completely avoid (one should avoid, he should shun)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of varj

optative

From causative stem of root vṛj/varj (to avoid) with prefixes pari and vi, optative mood, 3rd person singular

Prefixes: pari+vi

Root: vṛj (class 1)