महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-63, verse-22

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततो विराटो नृपतिः संप्रहृष्टतनूरुहः ।
श्रुत्वा तु विजयं तस्य कुमारस्यामितौजसः ।
आच्छादयित्वा दूतांस्तान्मन्त्रिणः सोऽभ्यचोदयत् ॥२२॥

22. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tato virāṭo nṛpatiḥ saṁprahṛṣṭatanūruhaḥ ,
śrutvā tu vijayaṁ tasya kumārasyāmitaujasaḥ ,
ācchādayitvā dūtāṁstānmantriṇaḥ so'bhyacodayat.

22. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tataḥ virāṭaḥ nṛpatiḥ
samprahṛṣṭatanūruhaḥ śrutvā tu vijayam
tasya kumārasya amitaujasaḥ ācchādayitvā
dūtān tān mantriṇaḥ saḥ abhyacodayat

22. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Then King Virāṭa, his body hair bristling with great joy upon hearing of the victory of that exceedingly mighty prince, first honored those messengers, and then instructed his ministers.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (the narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya) (Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then; thereupon (then; thereupon; from there)

• विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - King Virāṭa of the Matsya kingdom (Virāṭa (name of a king))

• नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king; ruler

• सम्प्रहृष्टतनूरुहः (samprahṛṣṭatanūruhaḥ) - with body hair bristling from great joy (having body hair bristling with joy; highly delighted)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard; after hearing)

• तु (tu) - (mild emphasis) (but; indeed; on the other hand)

• विजयम् (vijayam) - victory (victory; triumph; conquest)

• तस्य (tasya) - his; of that (prince) (his; of him; its)

• कुमारस्य (kumārasya) - of the prince (Uttarā) (of the prince; of the boy; of the youth)

• अमितौजसः (amitaujasaḥ) - of exceedingly mighty (prince Uttarā) (of immeasurable energy; of boundless might)

• आच्छादयित्वा (ācchādayitvā) - having honored (by presenting gifts or clothes) (having covered; having clothed; having honored (by presenting garments etc.))

• दूतान् (dūtān) - messengers (messengers; envoys)

• तान् (tān) - those (messengers) (those; them)

• मन्त्रिणः (mantriṇaḥ) - ministers (of King Virāṭa) (ministers; counselors)

• सः (saḥ) - he (King Virāṭa) (he; that)

• अभ्यचोदयत् (abhyacodayat) - he instructed (he urged; he prompted; he ordered)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (the narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya) (Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (a celebrated sage, pupil of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said; spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (2nd class) in perfect tense, 3rd person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then; thereupon (then; thereupon; from there)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - King Virāṭa of the Matsya kingdom (Virāṭa (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - Virāṭa (name of a king, ruler of the Matsya kingdom)

Note: Subject of the sentence (along with nṛpatiḥ and samprahṛṣṭatanūruhaḥ) and of 'abhyacodayat'.

नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king; ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound 'nṛ' (man) + 'pati' (lord)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'virāṭaḥ'.

सम्प्रहृष्टतनूरुहः (samprahṛṣṭatanūruhaḥ) - with body hair bristling from great joy (having body hair bristling with joy; highly delighted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samprahṛṣṭatanūruha

samprahṛṣṭatanūruha - having the hair of the body bristling (from joy, fear, etc.), overjoyed

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'samprahṛṣṭa' (greatly delighted) + 'tanūruha' (body hair).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sam+pra+hṛṣṭa+tanūruha)

• sam – together, completely, intensely
  indeclinable
• pra – forward, onward, very, greatly
  indeclinable
• hṛṣṭa – joyful, delighted, bristling (of hair)
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'hṛṣ' (4th class)
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)
• tanūruha – body hair
  noun (masculine/neuter)
  Compound 'tanū' (body) + 'ruha' (growing)

Note: Adjective modifying 'virāṭaḥ'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard; after hearing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'śru' (5th class) with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Specifies an action completed before the main verb.

तु (tu) - (mild emphasis) (but; indeed; on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction/particle.

विजयम् (vijayam) - victory (victory; triumph; conquest)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

Derived from root 'ji' with upasarga 'vi-'

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

तस्य (tasya) - his; of that (prince) (his; of him; its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive pronoun, refers to the prince.

कुमारस्य (kumārasya) - of the prince (Uttarā) (of the prince; of the boy; of the youth)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kumāra

kumāra - boy, youth, prince, son

Note: Possessive, modifies 'vijayam'.

अमितौजसः (amitaujasaḥ) - of exceedingly mighty (prince Uttarā) (of immeasurable energy; of boundless might)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of amitaujas

amitaujas - of immeasurable energy or might

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'amita' (immeasurable) + 'ojas' (strength, energy).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (amita+ojas)

• amita – immeasurable, unlimited
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle (negative compound with 'a-')
  Derived from root 'mā' (to measure) with prefix 'a-' (negation)
  Prefix: a
  Root: mā (class 3)
• ojas – energy, strength, might, vigor
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying 'kumārasya'.

आच्छादयित्वा (ācchādayitvā) - having honored (by presenting gifts or clothes) (having covered; having clothed; having honored (by presenting garments etc.))

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) from a causative verb

Derived from root 'chad' (10th class 'chādayati') with upasarga 'ā-' and suffix -tvā. Causative of 'cover'.

Prefix: ā

Root: chad (class 10)

Note: Specifies an action completed before the main verb.

दूतान् (dūtān) - messengers (messengers; envoys)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dūta

dūta - messenger, envoy, ambassador

Note: Object of 'ācchādayitvā'.

तान् (tān) - those (messengers) (those; them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, modifies 'mantriṇaḥ'.

मन्त्रिणः (mantriṇaḥ) - ministers (of King Virāṭa) (ministers; counselors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mantrin

mantrin - counselor, minister, advisor

Note: Object of 'abhyacodayat'.

सः (saḥ) - he (King Virāṭa) (he; that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'abhyacodayat'.

अभ्यचोदयत् (abhyacodayat) - he instructed (he urged; he prompted; he ordered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of cud

Imperfect Active with upasargas 'abhi' and 'ā'

Root 'cud' (10th class 'codayati') with upasargas 'abhi-' and 'ā-'. Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular active.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: The prefix is actually 'abhi-ā-cud'.