महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-63, verse-30

तं तथा वादिनं दृष्ट्वा पाण्डवः प्रत्यभाषत ।
न देवितव्यं हृष्टेन कितवेनेति नः श्रुतम् ॥३०॥

30. taṁ tathā vādinaṁ dṛṣṭvā pāṇḍavaḥ pratyabhāṣata ,
na devitavyaṁ hṛṣṭena kitaveneti naḥ śrutam.

30. tam tathā vādinam dṛṣṭvā pāṇḍavaḥ pratyabhāṣata
na devitavyam hṛṣṭena kitavena iti naḥ śrutam

30. Seeing him speak in that manner, the Pāṇḍava (Yudhiṣṭhira) replied, 'We have heard that a joyful gambler should not gamble.'

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• वादिनम् (vādinam) - speaking, one who speaks

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, one of the Pāṇḍavas (the Pāṇḍava, a descendant of Pāṇḍu)

• प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - he replied, he spoke back

• न (na) - not, no

• देवितव्यम् (devitavyam) - should be gambled (implying 'it is not right to gamble') (that which should be gambled, fit to be played with dice)

• हृष्टेन (hṛṣṭena) - by one who is joyful, by a delighted person

• कितवेन (kitavena) - by a gambler, by a cheat

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation (thus, so)

• नः (naḥ) - by us, to us, our

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - it has been heard (heard, listened)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

वादिनम् (vādinam) - speaking, one who speaks

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vādin

vādin - speaking, telling; a speaker

Present Active Participle

Derived from √vad with -in suffix

Root: vad (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

formed from √dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, one of the Pāṇḍavas (the Pāṇḍava, a descendant of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - a descendant of Pāṇḍu

प्रत्यभाषत (pratyabhāṣata) - he replied, he spoke back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of prati-√bhāṣ

Prefix: prati

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

देवितव्यम् (devitavyam) - should be gambled (implying 'it is not right to gamble') (that which should be gambled, fit to be played with dice)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of devitavya

devitavya - that which should be gambled/played; fit to be played with dice

Gerundive

Gerundive of √div (to play dice)

Root: div (class 4)

हृष्टेन (hṛṣṭena) - by one who is joyful, by a delighted person

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - delighted, joyful, happy

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √hṛṣ (to be excited, to rejoice)

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

कितवेन (kitavena) - by a gambler, by a cheat

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kitava

kitava - gambler, cheat

इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - by us, to us, our

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - it has been heard (heard, listened)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, known

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)