महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-63, verse-35

द्यूते हारितवान्सर्वं तस्माद्द्यूतं न रोचये ।
अथ वा मन्यसे राजन्दीव्याव यदि रोचते ॥३५॥

35. dyūte hāritavānsarvaṁ tasmāddyūtaṁ na rocaye ,
atha vā manyase rājandīvyāva yadi rocate.

35. dyūte hāritavān sarvam tasmāt dyūtam na rocaye
| atha vā manyase rājan dīvyāva yadi rocate

35. He lost everything in gambling (dyūta). Therefore, I do not approve of gambling. However, if you, O king (rājan), think it appropriate, let us two play dice if it pleases you.

35. (והוא) הפסיד הכול בקוביות. לכן אינני אוהב את המשחק. אך אם אתה חושב כך, הו מלך, נשחק, אם זה רצונך.

Words meanings summery:

• द्यूते (dyūte) - in gambling (in gambling, in dice-play)

• हारितवान् (hāritavān) - he lost (having lost, caused to lose)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (all, everything)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

• द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - gambling (gambling, dice-play)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• रोचये (rocaye) - I approve of (I like, I approve, I am pleased with)

• अथ (atha) - however, now (introducing an alternative) (now, then, moreover, or else)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• मन्यसे (manyase) - you think (it appropriate) (you think, you consider)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• दीव्याव (dīvyāva) - let us (two) play dice (let us two play dice)

• यदि (yadi) - if (if, whether)

• रोचते (rocate) - it pleases (you) (it pleases, it is agreeable)

Words meanings and morphology

द्यूते (dyūte) - in gambling (in gambling, in dice-play)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, dice-play, game of dice

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Past passive participle of root div (to play dice), used as a noun

Root: div (class 4)

हारितवान् (hāritavān) - he lost (having lost, caused to lose)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛ

hṛ - to take, carry, seize, steal, remove, lose

Kṛt affix (Active Perfect Participle)

From causative stem of root hṛ (to take, lose) with kṛt affix -tavat (expressing completed action by agent).

Root: hṛ (class 1)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (all, everything)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Functions as a noun, direct object of `hāritavān`.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of tad, used adverbially to mean 'therefore'

द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - gambling (gambling, dice-play)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, dice-play, game of dice

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Past passive participle of root div (to play dice), used as a noun

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Direct object of `rocaye`.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb `rocaye`.

रोचये (rocaye) - I approve of (I like, I approve, I am pleased with)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ruc

Present Middle

From root ruc (to please), 1st person singular present middle voice

Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: The object, 'gambling', is in the accusative.

अथ (atha) - however, now (introducing an alternative) (now, then, moreover, or else)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used with `vā` to present an alternative.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects two alternative clauses.

मन्यसे (manyase) - you think (it appropriate) (you think, you consider)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present Middle

From root man (to think), 2nd person singular present middle voice

Root: man (class 4)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Direct address to King Virāṭa.

दीव्याव (dīvyāva) - let us (two) play dice (let us two play dice)

(verb)

1st person , dual, active, imperative (loṭ) of div

Imperative

From root div (to play dice), 1st person dual imperative

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Dual form implies 'let us two', referring to Kaṅka and Virāṭa.

यदि (yadi) - if (if, whether)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

रोचते (rocate) - it pleases (you) (it pleases, it is agreeable)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ruc

Present Middle

From root ruc (to please), 3rd person singular present middle voice

Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is 'it' (the proposal to play), and the implied dative is 'to you'.

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