महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-185, verse-4

ऊर्ध्वबाहुर्विशालायां बदर्यां स नराधिपः ।
एकपादस्थितस्तीव्रं चचार सुमहत्तपः ॥४॥

4. ūrdhvabāhurviśālāyāṁ badaryāṁ sa narādhipaḥ ,
ekapādasthitastīvraṁ cacāra sumahattapaḥ.

4. ūrdhvabāhuḥ viśālāyāṃ badaryāṃ sa narādhipaḥ
ekapādasthitaḥ tīvraṃ cacāra sumahat tapas

4. That king, with his arms raised and standing on one foot, performed very great and severe asceticism (tapas) in Badarī, in the region of Viśālā.

Words meanings summery:

• ऊर्ध्वबाहुः (ūrdhvabāhuḥ) - with arms raised, having raised arms

• विशालायां (viśālāyāṁ) - Refers to a specific holy region, perhaps related to Badarī. (in Viśālā (a place name), in the spacious one)

• बदर्यां (badaryāṁ) - Refers to Badarikāśrama, a sacred hermitage. (in Badarī, in the Badarī tree/place)

• स (sa) - he, that

• नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king, ruler of men

• एकपादस्थितः (ekapādasthitaḥ) - standing on one foot, resting on one leg

• तीव्रं (tīvraṁ) - intense, severe, sharp (accusative neuter)

• चचार (cacāra) - he performed, he practiced, he wandered

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, very large

• तपस् (tapas) - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor

Words meanings and morphology

ऊर्ध्वबाहुः (ūrdhvabāhuḥ) - with arms raised, having raised arms

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ūrdhvabāhu

ūrdhvabāhu - having raised arms

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ūrdhva+bāhu)

• ūrdhva – upwards, elevated, raised
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `narādhipaḥ`

विशालायां (viśālāyāṁ) - Refers to a specific holy region, perhaps related to Badarī. (in Viśālā (a place name), in the spacious one)

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of viśālā

viśālā - spacious, extensive, large, a proper name (e.g., a city, a holy region)

बदर्यां (badaryāṁ) - Refers to Badarikāśrama, a sacred hermitage. (in Badarī, in the Badarī tree/place)

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of badarī

badarī - Jujube tree (Ziziphus jujuba), Badarī (a sacred place, usually Badarikāśrama)

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: This is `saḥ` before a soft consonant or vowel, but here it's `sa` before `narādhipaḥ`.

नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king, ruler of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Subject of the verb `cacāra`

एकपादस्थितः (ekapādasthitaḥ) - standing on one foot, resting on one leg

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ekapādasthita

ekapādasthita - standing on one foot

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root `sthā` with `ekapāda` (one foot) as adverbial compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (eka+pāda+sthita)

• eka – one, single
  numeral adjective
• pāda – foot, leg, quarter
  noun (masculine)
• sthita – standing, situated, firm
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `narādhipaḥ`

तीव्रं (tīvraṁ) - intense, severe, sharp (accusative neuter)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tīvra

tīvra - intense, severe, sharp, keen, violent

चचार (cacāra) - he performed, he practiced, he wandered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of car

perfect active

Reduplicated root, perfect form (liṭ)

Root: car (class 1)

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, very large

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large, immense

compound of `su` (very) and `mahat` (great)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Here in its accusative singular neuter form, agreeing with `tapas`.

तपस् (tapas) - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - religious austerity, penance, spiritual fervor, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of `cacāra`