महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-16, verse-43

तेन शब्देन संभ्रान्तः सहसान्तःपुरे जनः ।
निर्जगाम नरव्याघ्र राज्ञा सह परंतप ॥४३॥

43. tena śabdena saṁbhrāntaḥ sahasāntaḥpure janaḥ ,
nirjagāma naravyāghra rājñā saha paraṁtapa.

43. tena śabdena saṃbhrāntaḥ sahasā antaḥpure janaḥ
nirjagāma naravyāghra rājñā saha paraṃtapa

43. O tiger among men, O tormentor of foes, the people in the inner chambers were suddenly startled by that sound and emerged along with the king.

43. מהקול ההוא נבהלו אנשי ארמון הנשים ויצאו בבת אחת יחד עם המלך, הו נמר בין בני האדם, הו מנצח האויבים.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by that, with that (masculine/neuter)

• शब्देन (śabdena) - by sound, with sound

• संभ्रान्तः (saṁbhrāntaḥ) - agitated, startled, bewildered

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, instantly, quickly

• अन्तःपुरे (antaḥpure) - in the inner chambers, in the women's quarters

• जनः (janaḥ) - person, people, folk

• निर्जगाम (nirjagāma) - came out, went forth, emerged

• नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O tiger among men, O foremost of men

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - with the king, by the king

• सह (saha) - with, along with

• परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O tormentor of foes, O subduer of enemies

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by that, with that (masculine/neuter)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

शब्देन (śabdena) - by sound, with sound

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, word, noise

Root: śabd (class 1)

संभ्रान्तः (saṁbhrāntaḥ) - agitated, startled, bewildered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃbhrānta

saṁbhrānta - agitated, bewildered, confused

Past Passive Participle

from sam-√bhram (to wander, to be agitated)

Prefix: sam

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: qualifies janaḥ

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, instantly, quickly

(indeclinable)

adverbial form

अन्तःपुरे (antaḥpure) - in the inner chambers, in the women's quarters

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of antaḥpura

antaḥpura - inner apartment, women's quarters, harem

compound of antar (inside) + pura (city/house)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (antar+pura)

• antar – inside, within
  indeclinable
  prefix/adverb
• pura – city, town, dwelling
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pṛ (class 3)

जनः (janaḥ) - person, people, folk

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, creature, man

Root: jan (class 4)

निर्जगाम (nirjagāma) - came out, went forth, emerged

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of nirgam

Perfect Active

root gam, with prefix nir, perfect 3rd person singular

Prefix: nir

Root: gam (class 1)

नरव्याघ्र (naravyāghra) - O tiger among men, O foremost of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - tiger among men, excellent man, foremost of men

compound comparing a man to a tiger (best of his kind)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ (class 1)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: ghrā (class 1)

Note: संबोधन (sambodhana)

राज्ञा (rājñā) - with the king, by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: used with saha

सह (saha) - with, along with

(indeclinable)

postposition, takes instrumental case

परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O tormentor of foes, O subduer of enemies

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

compound of param (foe) + tapa (scorcher, from √tap)

Compound type : dvandva (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – one who heats, scorches, afflicts
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  from root √tap (to heat, to torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: संबोधन (sambodhana)

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