महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-16, verse-2

न मृत्योः समयं विद्म रात्रौ वा यदि वा दिवा ।
न चापि कंचिदमरमयुद्धेनापि शुश्रुमः ॥२॥

2. na mṛtyoḥ samayaṁ vidma rātrau vā yadi vā divā ,
na cāpi kaṁcidamaramayuddhenāpi śuśrumaḥ.

2. na mṛtyoḥ samayam vidma rātrau vā yadi vā divā
na ca api kañcit amaram ayuddhena api śuśrumaḥ

2. We do not know the time of death, be it night or day. Nor have we heard of anyone becoming immortal (amaram) without engaging in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• मृत्योः (mṛtyoḥ) - of death

• समयम् (samayam) - time, occasion, appointment

• विद्म (vidma) - we know, we understand

• रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

• वा (vā) - or, either

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• वा (vā) - or, either

• दिवा (divā) - by day, during the day

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• कञ्चित् (kañcit) - anyone, someone

• अमरम् (amaram) - immortal, undying

• अयुद्धेन (ayuddhena) - without battle, by not fighting

• अपि (api) - even, also

• शुश्रुमः (śuśrumaḥ) - we have heard, we heard

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb.

मृत्योः (mṛtyoḥ) - of death

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, Yama (god of death)

समयम् (samayam) - time, occasion, appointment

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samaya

samaya - time, season, occasion, agreement, covenant

Note: Object of vidma.

विद्म (vidma) - we know, we understand

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

present active

root vid (2nd conjugation), present 1st plural active

Root: vid (class 2)

रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to offer alternatives.

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a condition or alternative.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to offer alternatives, paired with the previous 'vā'.

दिवा (divā) - by day, during the day

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb śuśrumaḥ.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

कञ्चित् (kañcit) - anyone, someone

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kañcit

kañcit - someone, anyone, a certain

formed from interrogative pronoun kim and indefinite particle cit

Note: Object of śuśrumaḥ, implies 'no one' due to 'na'.

अमरम् (amaram) - immortal, undying

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amara

amara - immortal, undying, a god

negation of mara (from root mṛ)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mara)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• mara – dying, mortal
  noun (masculine)
  from root mṛ (to die)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with kañcit.

अयुद्धेन (ayuddhena) - without battle, by not fighting

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ayuddha

ayuddha - without battle, not fighting, peaceful

negation of yuddha

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yuddha)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root yudh
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies how immortality is *not* achieved.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

शुश्रुमः (śuśrumaḥ) - we have heard, we heard

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of śru

perfect active

root śru, perfect 1st plural active

Root: śru (class 5)