महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-16, verse-26

बृहद्रथ उवाच ।
भगवन्राज्यमुत्सृज्य प्रस्थितस्य तपोवनम् ।
किं वरेणाल्पभाग्यस्य किं राज्येनाप्रजस्य मे ॥२६॥

26. bṛhadratha uvāca ,
bhagavanrājyamutsṛjya prasthitasya tapovanam ,
kiṁ vareṇālpabhāgyasya kiṁ rājyenāprajasya me.

26. bṛhadrathaḥ uvāca bhagavan rājyam utsṛjya prasthitasya
tapovanam kim vareṇa alpabhāgyasya kim rājyena aprajasya me

26. Brihadratha said: 'O Venerable One (bhagavan), having abandoned my kingdom and departed for the hermitage (tapovanam), what good is a boon for me, an unfortunate person? What good is a kingdom for me, who is childless?'

Words meanings summery:

• बृहद्रथः (bṛhadrathaḥ) - King Brihadratha (Brihadratha (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (he said, he spoke)

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Venerable One (addressing the sage) (O venerable one, O divine one)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, rule)

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having given up)

• प्रस्थितस्य (prasthitasya) - for him who has departed (of one who has departed, for one who has set out)

• तपोवनम् (tapovanam) - hermitage (tapovanam) (hermitage, forest for ascetic practices)

• किम् (kim) - what good is? (interrogative) (what?, why? (interrogative pronoun/adverb))

• वरेण (vareṇa) - by a boon (by a boon, with a boon)

• अल्पभाग्यस्य (alpabhāgyasya) - for the unfortunate one (of the unfortunate one, for the ill-fated)

• किम् (kim) - what good is? (what?, why?)

• राज्येन (rājyena) - by a kingdom (by a kingdom, with a kingdom)

• अप्रजस्य (aprajasya) - for the childless one (of the childless one, for the one without offspring)

• मे (me) - for me (to me, for me, my)

Words meanings and morphology

बृहद्रथः (bṛhadrathaḥ) - King Brihadratha (Brihadratha (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhadratha

bṛhadratha - Brihadratha (a proper name, lit. 'having a great chariot')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bṛhat+ratha)

• bṛhat – great, large, vast
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular masculine, subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Perfect tense, 3rd person singular active.

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Venerable One (addressing the sage) (O venerable one, O divine one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - fortunate, glorious, divine, venerable

Present Active Participle

Derived from 'bhaga' (fortune, excellence) + matup suffix. Used as a noun in address.

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Vocative singular masculine.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, rule)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule, royal office

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular neuter, object of utsṛjya.

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having given up)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root sṛj (to create, emit) with prefix ut-.

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Absolutive (gerund).

प्रस्थितस्य (prasthitasya) - for him who has departed (of one who has departed, for one who has set out)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prasthita

prasthita - departed, set out, gone forth

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Genitive singular masculine, qualifying 'me' (implied, or 'alpabhāgyasya' / 'aprajasya').

तपोवनम् (tapovanam) - hermitage (tapovanam) (hermitage, forest for ascetic practices)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapovana

tapovana - hermitage, forest for ascetic practices

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+vana)

• tapas – austerity, asceticism, heat
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
  Root: van (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular neuter, indicating destination (used with verb of motion 'prasthita').

किम् (kim) - what good is? (interrogative) (what?, why? (interrogative pronoun/adverb))

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here adverbially, meaning 'what is the use of?' with an instrumental.

वरेण (vareṇa) - by a boon (by a boon, with a boon)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vara

vara - boon, blessing, choice, best

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Instrumental singular masculine. Used with 'kim' to mean 'what is the use of a boon?'

अल्पभाग्यस्य (alpabhāgyasya) - for the unfortunate one (of the unfortunate one, for the ill-fated)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of alpabhāgya

alpabhāgya - unfortunate, ill-fated

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (alpa+bhāgya)

• alpa – small, little, few
  adjective (masculine)
• bhāgya – fortune, destiny, luck
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from bhaj (to obtain, share).
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Genitive singular masculine, qualifying 'me' (for me, the unfortunate one).

किम् (kim) - what good is? (what?, why?)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

राज्येन (rājyena) - by a kingdom (by a kingdom, with a kingdom)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule, royal office

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Instrumental singular neuter. Used with 'kim' to mean 'what is the use of a kingdom?'

अप्रजस्य (aprajasya) - for the childless one (of the childless one, for the one without offspring)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of apraja

apraja - childless, without offspring

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+prajā)

• a – not, without
  indeclinable
• prajā – offspring, progeny, subjects
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from pra-jan (to generate).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Genitive singular masculine, qualifying 'me'.

मे (me) - for me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Genitive/Dative singular of 'asmad'. Here, used as dative of purpose or possession in the sense of 'for me'.