महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-16, verse-23

यदृच्छयागतं तं तु वृक्षमूलमुपाश्रितम् ।
पत्नीभ्यां सहितो राजा सर्वरत्नैरतोषयत् ॥२३॥

23. yadṛcchayāgataṁ taṁ tu vṛkṣamūlamupāśritam ,
patnībhyāṁ sahito rājā sarvaratnairatoṣayat.

23. yadṛcchayā āgataṃ taṃ tu vṛkṣamūlaṃ upāśritaṃ
patnībhyāṃ sahitaḥ rājā sarvaratnaiḥ atoṣayat

23. The king, accompanied by his two wives, appeased him—who had arrived by chance and was resting at the foot of a tree—with all kinds of jewels.

Words meanings summery:

• यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by chance (by chance, accidentally, spontaneously)

• आगतं (āgataṁ) - who had arrived (arrived, come, attained)

• तं (taṁ) - him (Caṇḍakauśika) (him, that)

• तु (tu) - and (but, indeed, and, moreover)

• वृक्षमूलं (vṛkṣamūlaṁ) - at the foot of a tree (foot of a tree, tree root)

• उपाश्रितं (upāśritaṁ) - resting (taken refuge in) (sheltered, resorted to, seated, dependent on)

• पत्नीभ्यां (patnībhyāṁ) - with his two wives (with two wives)

• सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied by (accompanied by, together with, endowed with)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler)

• सर्वरत्नैः (sarvaratnaiḥ) - with all kinds of jewels (with all jewels, with all treasures)

• अतोषयत् (atoṣayat) - pleased (appeased) (pleased, satisfied, appeased)

Words meanings and morphology

यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by chance (by chance, accidentally, spontaneously)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yadṛcchā

yadṛcchā - chance, accident, spontaneity, freedom of will

आगतं (āgataṁ) - who had arrived (arrived, come, attained)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, obtained

Past Passive Participle

From `ā-√gam` (to come, arrive)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to Caṇḍakauśika (`taṃ`).

तं (taṁ) - him (Caṇḍakauśika) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Caṇḍakauśika.

तु (tu) - and (but, indeed, and, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an emphatic particle.

वृक्षमूलं (vṛkṣamūlaṁ) - at the foot of a tree (foot of a tree, tree root)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vṛkṣamūla

vṛkṣamūla - foot of a tree, tree root

Compound of `vṛkṣa` (tree) and `mūla` (root, base).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛkṣa+mūla)

• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)
• mūla – root, base, foundation, origin
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially or as object of `upāśritaṃ`.

उपाश्रितं (upāśritaṁ) - resting (taken refuge in) (sheltered, resorted to, seated, dependent on)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upāśrita

upāśrita - sheltered, resorted to, dependent on, seated

Past Passive Participle

From `upa-ā-√śri` (to resort to, take refuge in)

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `taṃ` (Caṇḍakauśika).

पत्नीभ्यां (patnībhyāṁ) - with his two wives (with two wives)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, dual of patnī

patnī - wife, mistress of the house

Note: Denotes two wives.

सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied by (accompanied by, together with, endowed with)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied by, together with, joined, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

From `sa-√dhā` (to put together) or `sa-√i` (to go with). More likely from `sa-hita` where `hita` is from `dhā`.

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `rājā`.

राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of `atoṣayat`.

सर्वरत्नैः (sarvaratnaiḥ) - with all kinds of jewels (with all jewels, with all treasures)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of sarvaratna

sarvaratna - all jewels, all treasures

Compound of `sarva` (all) and `ratna` (jewel).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+ratna)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• ratna – jewel, gem, precious object, treasure
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rā (class 1)

Note: Used to indicate means of pleasing.

अतोषयत् (atoṣayat) - pleased (appeased) (pleased, satisfied, appeased)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √tuṣ

Imperfect (laṅ)

Causative imperfect 3rd person singular, active voice. The augment `a` and causative suffix `aya` are present.

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Causative verb, 'caused to be pleased' or 'satisfied'.