महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-16, verse-21

मङ्गलैर्बहुभिर्होमैः पुत्रकामाभिरिष्टिभिः ।
नाससाद नृपश्रेष्ठः पुत्रं कुलविवर्धनम् ॥२१॥

21. maṅgalairbahubhirhomaiḥ putrakāmābhiriṣṭibhiḥ ,
nāsasāda nṛpaśreṣṭhaḥ putraṁ kulavivardhanam.

21. maṅgalaiḥ bahubhiḥ homaiḥ putrakāmābhiḥ iṣṭibhiḥ
na āsasāda nṛpaśreṣṭhaḥ putram kulavivardhanam

21. nṛpaśreṣṭhaḥ putrakāmābhiḥ bahubhiḥ maṅgalaiḥ homaiḥ iṣṭibhiḥ kulavivardhanam putram na āsasāda.

21. Despite many auspicious rites, Vedic fire rituals (homa), and other Vedic rituals (iṣṭi) performed with the desire for a son, the best of kings did not obtain a son who would expand his lineage.

Words meanings summery:

• मङ्गलैः (maṅgalaiḥ) - with auspicious things, with auspicious rites

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - with many, with much

• होमैः (homaiḥ) - with Vedic fire rituals

• पुत्रकामाभिः (putrakāmābhiḥ) - with those desiring a son, with rituals for desiring a son

• इष्टिभिः (iṣṭibhiḥ) - with Vedic rituals, with offerings

• न (na) - not, no

• आससाद (āsasāda) - obtained (a son) (obtained, reached, gained)

• नृपश्रेष्ठः (nṛpaśreṣṭhaḥ) - the best of kings, chief among kings

• पुत्रम् (putram) - a son

• कुलविवर्धनम् (kulavivardhanam) - who would increase the family, increasing the lineage

Words meanings and morphology

मङ्गलैः (maṅgalaiḥ) - with auspicious things, with auspicious rites

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of maṅgala

maṅgala - auspicious, fortunate; an auspicious ceremony or object

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - with many, with much

(adjective)

Instrumental, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

होमैः (homaiḥ) - with Vedic fire rituals

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of homa

homa - Vedic fire ritual, oblation into fire

From root hu (to offer an oblation)

Root: hu (class 3)

पुत्रकामाभिः (putrakāmābhiḥ) - with those desiring a son, with rituals for desiring a son

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of putrakāmā

putrakāmā - desirous of a son, seeking a son

Feminine form of putrakāma, an adjective derived from 'putra' (son) and 'kāma' (desire)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (putra+kāma)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  From root kam (to desire)
  Root: kam (class 1)

इष्टिभिः (iṣṭibhiḥ) - with Vedic rituals, with offerings

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of iṣṭi

iṣṭi - a Vedic ritual, an offering, sacrifice

From root yaj (to worship, sacrifice)

Root: yaj (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आससाद (āsasāda) - obtained (a son) (obtained, reached, gained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of āsasād

Perfect tense form of root sad with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

नृपश्रेष्ठः (nṛpaśreṣṭhaḥ) - the best of kings, chief among kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpaśreṣṭha

nṛpaśreṣṭha - best of kings, chief among men

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+śreṣṭha)

• nṛpa – king, protector of men
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, most excellent
  adjective
  Superlative of praśasya (excellent)

पुत्रम् (putram) - a son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

कुलविवर्धनम् (kulavivardhanam) - who would increase the family, increasing the lineage

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kulavivardhana

kulavivardhana - increasing the family, expanding the lineage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kula+vivardhana)

• kula – family, lineage, race
  noun (neuter)
• vivardhana – increasing, augmenting, causing to grow
  noun
  Agent noun / adjective from root vṛdh with prefix vi
  From the causative of root vṛdh (to grow) with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'putram'