महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-16, verse-20

विषयेषु निमग्नस्य तस्य यौवनमत्यगात् ।
न च वंशकरः पुत्रस्तस्याजायत कश्चन ॥२०॥

20. viṣayeṣu nimagnasya tasya yauvanamatyagāt ,
na ca vaṁśakaraḥ putrastasyājāyata kaścana.

20. viṣayeṣu nimagnasya tasya yauvanam atyagāt na
ca vaṃśakaraḥ putraḥ tasya ajāyata kaścana

20. While he was deeply absorbed in worldly pleasures, his youth passed away. And no son, capable of continuing his lineage, was born to him.

Words meanings summery:

• विषयेषु (viṣayeṣu) - in worldly pleasures or objects of sense enjoyment (in objects of sense, in subjects, in spheres of activity)

• निमग्नस्य (nimagnasya) - of him who was deeply absorbed (of one who is immersed, absorbed)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (King Dasharatha's) (of him, his)

• यौवनम् (yauvanam) - his youth (youth, prime of life)

• अत्यगात् (atyagāt) - passed away (his youth) (it passed away, it went beyond)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वंशकरः (vaṁśakaraḥ) - a son who could continue the lineage (a maker of lineage, an heir, a son)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - a son (son)

• तस्य (tasya) - to him (King Dasharatha) (of him, to him, for him)

• अजायत (ajāyata) - was born (was born, came into being)

• कश्चन (kaścana) - any (implying 'not any' due to na) (anyone, some, a certain (when used with negation, 'no one'))

Words meanings and morphology

विषयेषु (viṣayeṣu) - in worldly pleasures or objects of sense enjoyment (in objects of sense, in subjects, in spheres of activity)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of viṣaya

viṣaya - object of sense, sphere, domain, subject, worldly pleasure

निमग्नस्य (nimagnasya) - of him who was deeply absorbed (of one who is immersed, absorbed)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nimagna

nimagna - immersed, plunged, absorbed, sunken

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: ni

Root: maj (class 6)

Note: Modifies tasya.

तस्य (tasya) - his (King Dasharatha's) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

यौवनम् (yauvanam) - his youth (youth, prime of life)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yauvana

yauvana - youth, adolescence, youthful age

अत्यगात् (atyagāt) - passed away (his youth) (it passed away, it went beyond)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (Luṅ) of ati-gam

Prefix: ati

Root: gam (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

वंशकरः (vaṁśakaraḥ) - a son who could continue the lineage (a maker of lineage, an heir, a son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaṃśakara

vaṁśakara - lineage-maker, heir, son

Compound type : tatpurusha (vaṃśa+kara)

• vaṃśa – lineage, family, race, bamboo
  noun (masculine)
• kara – maker, doer, causing, producing
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root kṛ 'to do, to make'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies putraḥ.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - a son (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

तस्य (tasya) - to him (King Dasharatha) (of him, to him, for him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Tasya here indicates dative sense 'to him' when used with ajāyata.

अजायत (ajāyata) - was born (was born, came into being)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (Laṅ) of jan

Root: jan (class 4)

कश्चन (kaścana) - any (implying 'not any' due to na) (anyone, some, a certain (when used with negation, 'no one'))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścana

kaścana - anyone, someone, a certain (when combined with na, means 'no one')

Note: Used with na to mean 'not any'.