महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-18, chapter-5, verse-42

नारदोऽश्रावयद्देवानसितो देवलः पितॄन् ।
रक्षो यक्षाञ्शुको मर्त्यान्वैशंपायन एव तु ॥४२॥

42. nārado'śrāvayaddevānasito devalaḥ pitṝn ,
rakṣo yakṣāñśuko martyānvaiśaṁpāyana eva tu.

42. nāradaḥ aśrāvayāt devān asitaḥ devalaḥ pitṝn
rakṣaḥ yakṣān śukaḥ martyān vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ eva tu

42. Narada recited (this epic) to the gods; Asita and Devala to the ancestors; a rakshasa to the yakshas; Shuka to mortals; and Vaishampayana also (recited it).

Words meanings summery:

• नारदः (nāradaḥ) - The divine sage Narada, a primary reciter of the epic. (Narada)

• अश्रावयात् (aśrāvayāt) - recited (the epic) (caused to hear, recited)

• देवान् (devān) - the divine beings (gods)

• असितः (asitaḥ) - The sage Asita. (Asita)

• देवलः (devalaḥ) - The sage Devala. (Devala)

• पितॄन् (pitṝn) - the ancestors or forefathers (to whom the recitation was made) (ancestors, fathers, manes)

• रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - a rakshasa (who recited the epic) (a rakshasa, a demon)

• यक्षान् (yakṣān) - the yakshas (nature spirits, audience of the rakshasa) (yakshas, demigods)

• शुकः (śukaḥ) - The sage Shuka, son of Vyasa. (Shuka)

• मर्त्यान् (martyān) - human beings (mortals, humans)

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The sage Vaishampayana, a disciple of Vyasa and the primary narrator of the Mahabharata to Janamejaya. (Vaishampayana)

• एव (eva) - indeed, also (emphasizing Vaishampayana's role) (indeed, only, just, quite)

• तु (tu) - and (connects the last clause) (but, and, indeed)

Words meanings and morphology

नारदः (nāradaḥ) - The divine sage Narada, a primary reciter of the epic. (Narada)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - Narada (name of a divine sage, son of Brahma)

From 'nara' (man) + 'da' (giver, from '√dā'). Or related to 'nāra' (water) + 'da'.

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'aśrāvayat'.

अश्रावयात् (aśrāvayāt) - recited (the epic) (caused to hear, recited)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śru

Causative imperfect

From '√śru' (to hear) in the causative stem 'śrāvaya', imperfect 'aśrāwayat'.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Verb of the first clause, implied for subsequent clauses.

देवान् (devān) - the divine beings (gods)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

From '√div' (to shine).

Root: div (class 1)

Note: Object of 'aśrāvayat'.

असितः (asitaḥ) - The sage Asita. (Asita)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asita

asita - Asita (name of a sage); not white, dark

From 'a' (negation) + 'sita' (white).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sita)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• sita – white, bound
  adjective

Note: Co-subject with Devala.

देवलः (devalaḥ) - The sage Devala. (Devala)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devala

devala - Devala (name of a sage)

Name of a sage.

Note: Co-subject with Asita.

पितॄन् (pitṝn) - the ancestors or forefathers (to whom the recitation was made) (ancestors, fathers, manes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, the manes (spirits of deceased ancestors)

Root 'pā' (to protect) or 'pi' (to nourish).

Note: Object of implied 'aśrāvayat'.

रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - a rakshasa (who recited the epic) (a rakshasa, a demon)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - a demon, evil being, a protector

From '√rakṣ' (to protect, guard).

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied 'aśrāvayat'.

यक्षान् (yakṣān) - the yakshas (nature spirits, audience of the rakshasa) (yakshas, demigods)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yakṣa

yakṣa - a yaksha (class of nature spirits, guardians of treasures)

From '√yaj' (to worship) or '√yakṣ' (to move quickly).

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Object of implied 'aśrāvayat'.

शुकः (śukaḥ) - The sage Shuka, son of Vyasa. (Shuka)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuka

śuka - Shuka (name of a sage, son of Vyasa); a parrot

Name of a sage.

Note: Subject of implied 'aśrāvayat'.

मर्त्यान् (martyān) - human beings (mortals, humans)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of martya

martya - mortal, human being

From 'mṛ' (to die) + 'tya' suffix.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Object of implied 'aśrāvayat'.

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The sage Vaishampayana, a disciple of Vyasa and the primary narrator of the Mahabharata to Janamejaya. (Vaishampayana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṁpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaishampayana (name of a sage, disciple of Vyasa)

From 'viśampa' (name of a place or person) + 'āyana' (descendant of/related to).

Note: Subject of implied 'aśrāvayat'.

एव (eva) - indeed, also (emphasizing Vaishampayana's role) (indeed, only, just, quite)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes 'vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ'.

तु (tu) - and (connects the last clause) (but, and, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

Note: Connects the last part of the enumeration.