महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-18, chapter-5, verse-41

अनागतं त्रिभिर्वर्षैः कृष्णद्वैपायनः प्रभुः ।
संदर्भं भारतस्यास्य कृतवान्धर्मकाम्यया ॥४१॥

41. anāgataṁ tribhirvarṣaiḥ kṛṣṇadvaipāyanaḥ prabhuḥ ,
saṁdarbhaṁ bhāratasyāsya kṛtavāndharmakāmyayā.

41. anāgatam tribhiḥ varṣaiḥ kṛṣṇadvaipāyanaḥ prabhuḥ
sandarbham bhāratasya asya kṛtavān dharmakāmyayā

41. The capable Lord Krishna Dvaipayana compiled this great epic (Bhārata) within three years, motivated by the desire for natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• अनागतम् (anāgatam) - completed, finished (referring to the span of time 'three years') (not come, future, unarrived)

• त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - within three (years) (by three, with three)

• वर्षैः (varṣaiḥ) - in years, within years (by years, with years)

• कृष्णद्वैपायनः (kṛṣṇadvaipāyanaḥ) - The sage Vyasa, compiler of the Mahabharata. (Krishna Dvaipayana (Vyasa))

• प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - capable, powerful (referring to Vyasa's ability to compile the epic) (lord, master, capable, powerful)

• सन्दर्भम् (sandarbham) - the compilation or composition (compilation, arrangement, context, text)

• भारतस्य (bhāratasya) - of this great epic, the Mahābhārata (of Bharata, of the Mahabharata)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (Mahābhārata) (of this)

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - compiled, composed (did, made, performed)

• धर्मकाम्यया (dharmakāmyayā) - motivated by the desire to uphold natural law (dharma) (by the desire for dharma, with the desire for righteousness)

Words meanings and morphology

अनागतम् (anāgatam) - completed, finished (referring to the span of time 'three years') (not come, future, unarrived)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anāgata

anāgata - not come, not arrived, future, not present

Past Passive Participle

From 'an' (negation) + 'ā' (prefix) + '√gam' (to go, come) + 'kta' (pp. suffix). Means 'that which has not come'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+āgata)

• an – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• āgata – come, arrived, obtained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'ā' (prefix) + '√gam' (to go, come) + 'kta' (pp. suffix).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the duration of time.

त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - within three (years) (by three, with three)

(numeral)

Note: Instrumental plural.

वर्षैः (varṣaiḥ) - in years, within years (by years, with years)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon

Root: vṛṣ

Note: Instrumental plural, indicating duration or means.

कृष्णद्वैपायनः (kṛṣṇadvaipāyanaḥ) - The sage Vyasa, compiler of the Mahabharata. (Krishna Dvaipayana (Vyasa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇadvaipāyana

kṛṣṇadvaipāyana - The sage Vyasa, named Krishna Dvaipayana

Compound of 'kṛṣṇa' (dark) and 'dvaipāyana' (island-born).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kṛṣṇa+dvaipāyana)

• kṛṣṇa – dark, black, Krishna
  adjective (masculine)
• dvaipāyana – island-born
  proper noun (masculine)
  From 'dvīpa' (island) + 'āyana' (related to going/moving). Refers to being born on an island.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - capable, powerful (referring to Vyasa's ability to compile the epic) (lord, master, capable, powerful)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, king, powerful, capable

From 'pra' (prefix) + '√bhū' (to be, become).

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: An epithet for Vyasa, indicating his competence.

सन्दर्भम् (sandarbham) - the compilation or composition (compilation, arrangement, context, text)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sandarbha

sandarbha - stringing together, compilation, arrangement, composition, context

From 'sam' (together) + 'darbha' (from '√dṛbh' to string, weave).

Prefix: sam

Root: dṛbh

Note: Object of 'kṛtavān'.

भारतस्य (bhāratasya) - of this great epic, the Mahābhārata (of Bharata, of the Mahabharata)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of bhārata

bhārata - relating to Bharata, a descendant of Bharata, the Mahabharata (epic poem)

From 'bharata' (name of an ancient king) + 'aṇ' suffix.

Root: bhṛ

Note: Possessive, describing 'sandarbham'.

अस्य (asya) - of this (Mahābhārata) (of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'bhāratasya'.

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - compiled, composed (did, made, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - one who has done/made/performed

Past Active Participle

From '√kṛ' (to do, make) + 'ktavatu' (past active participle suffix).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'kṛṣṇadvaipāyanaḥ'.

धर्मकाम्यया (dharmakāmyayā) - motivated by the desire to uphold natural law (dharma) (by the desire for dharma, with the desire for righteousness)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dharmakāmyā

dharmakāmyā - desire for dharma, desire for righteousness

Compound of 'dharma' and 'kāmyā' (desire).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+kāmyā)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  From '√dhṛ' (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• kāmyā – desire, longing
  noun (feminine)
  From '√kam' (to desire) + 'ya' suffix + 'ā' feminine ending.
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Indicates the purpose or motivation.