महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-18, chapter-5, verse-36

यश्चेदं श्रावयेच्छ्राद्धे ब्राह्मणान्पादमन्ततः ।
अक्षय्यमन्नपानं वै पितॄंस्तस्योपतिष्ठते ॥३६॥

36. yaścedaṁ śrāvayecchrāddhe brāhmaṇānpādamantataḥ ,
akṣayyamannapānaṁ vai pitṝṁstasyopatiṣṭhate.

36. yaḥ ca idaṃ śrāvayet śrāddhe brāhmaṇān pādam antataḥ
akṣayyam annapānaṃ vai pitṝn tasya upatiṣṭhate

36. ca yaḥ śrāddhe brāhmaṇān antataḥ pādam idaṃ śrāvayet
tasya akṣayyam annapānaṃ vai pitṝn upatiṣṭhate

36. And whoever causes this (text) to be recited during a (śrāddha) ritual to Brahmins, even a quarter of it, for him, imperishable food and drink indeed accrues to the ancestors.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• च (ca) - and

• इदं (idaṁ) - this

• श्रावयेत् (śrāvayet) - should cause to hear, should recite

• श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - in the (śrāddha) ritual, during a memorial ceremony

• ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - to Brahmins

• पादम् (pādam) - a quarter, a foot (in terms of a verse or text portion)

• अन्ततः (antataḥ) - at least, at the end, finally

• अक्षय्यम् (akṣayyam) - imperishable, inexhaustible

• अन्नपानं (annapānaṁ) - food and drink

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

• पितॄन् (pitṝn) - to the ancestors, to the forefathers

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, for him

• उपतिष्ठते (upatiṣṭhate) - approaches, accrues, reaches, serves, stands by

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which

relative pronoun

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

इदं (idaṁ) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of śrāvayet.

श्रावयेत् (śrāvayet) - should cause to hear, should recite

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of śrāvay

causative

Derived from root śru (to hear) with causative suffix -āp-

Root: śru (class 5)

श्राद्धे (śrāddhe) - in the (śrāddha) ritual, during a memorial ceremony

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śrāddha

śrāddha - funeral or memorial ceremony, ritual honoring ancestors

From śrat (faith) + dhā (to place). Related to śraddhā (faith).

Note: Specifies the context or occasion.

ब्राह्मणान् (brāhmaṇān) - to Brahmins

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, member of the priestly class

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Direct object of the causative verb śrāvayet (making them hear).

पादम् (pādam) - a quarter, a foot (in terms of a verse or text portion)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāda

pāda - foot, quarter, verse-quarter, portion

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Object of implied 'reciting'.

अन्ततः (antataḥ) - at least, at the end, finally

(indeclinable)

suffix -tas indicating 'from' or 'at the end'

Note: Qualifies pādam.

अक्षय्यम् (akṣayyam) - imperishable, inexhaustible

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akṣayya

akṣayya - imperishable, inexhaustible, eternal

gerundive (potential passive participle)

From a- (not) + kṣayya (perishable), from root kṣi (to perish)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣayya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  privative prefix
• kṣayya – perishable, exhaustible
  adjective
  gerundive
  From root kṣi (to perish)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for food and drink.

अन्नपानं (annapānaṁ) - food and drink

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of annapāna

annapāna - food and drink, provisions

Dvandva compound

Compound type : dvandva (anna+pāna)

• anna – food, cooked rice
  noun (neuter)
  past passive participle
  From root ad (to eat)
  Root: ad (class 2)
• pāna – drink, drinking
  noun (neuter)
  From root pā (to drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the main clause.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

(indeclinable)

particle used for emphasis

Note: Adds emphasis.

पितॄन् (pitṝn) - to the ancestors, to the forefathers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, forefathers (plural)

Note: Acts as the object of upatiṣṭhate.

तस्य (tasya) - of him, for him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Indicates possession or relation, 'for him'.

उपतिष्ठते (upatiṣṭhate) - approaches, accrues, reaches, serves, stands by

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upatiṣṭha

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The action of the food and drink reaching the ancestors.