महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-18, chapter-2, verse-42

ता वाचः स तदा श्रुत्वा तद्देशसदृशीर्नृप ।
ततो विममृशे राजा किं न्विदं दैवकारितम् ॥४२॥

42. tā vācaḥ sa tadā śrutvā taddeśasadṛśīrnṛpa ,
tato vimamṛśe rājā kiṁ nvidaṁ daivakāritam.

42. tāḥ vācaḥ saḥ tadā śrutvā tat deśa sadṛśīḥ nṛpa
tataḥ vimamṛśe rājā kim nu idam daivakāritam

42. nṛpa saḥ rājā tadā tat deśa sadṛśīḥ tāḥ vācaḥ
śrutvā tataḥ vimamṛśe kim nu idam daivakāritam

42. O King, having then heard those voices, which were appropriate to that place, the king then pondered, "What indeed is this, brought about by divine will?"

Words meanings summery:

• ताः (tāḥ) - referring to the voices (those)

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - voices (of the unseen beings) (words, voices, speech)

• सः (saḥ) - referring to Yudhishthira (he)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तत् (tat) - referring to the place (that)

• देश (deśa) - that particular place (place, region, country)

• सदृशीः (sadṛśīḥ) - appropriate to that place (similar, like, appropriate, befitting)

• नृप (nṛpa) - Addressing the narrator's audience (e.g., Dhritarashtra or Janamejaya) (O king!)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

• विममृशे (vimamṛśe) - Yudhishthira pondered (he reflected, pondered, considered)

• राजा (rājā) - Yudhishthira (king)

• किम् (kim) - what

• नु (nu) - indeed, then, now (interrogative or emphatic particle)

• इदम् (idam) - referring to the situation (this)

• दैवकारितम् (daivakāritam) - caused by divine power/fate, divinely ordained

Words meanings and morphology

ताः (tāḥ) - referring to the voices (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

वाचः (vācaḥ) - voices (of the unseen beings) (words, voices, speech)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - word, voice, speech

सः (saḥ) - referring to Yudhishthira (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Used as a demonstrative pronoun.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From pronoun tad + dā suffix.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √śru + ktvā suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

तत् (tat) - referring to the place (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Appears as part of a compound 'tad-deśa'.

देश (deśa) - that particular place (place, region, country)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - place, region, country, spot

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Implied genitive case in the compound 'taddeśa' (that place).

सदृशीः (sadṛśīḥ) - appropriate to that place (similar, like, appropriate, befitting)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sadṛśa

sadṛśa - similar, like, suitable, appropriate

From sa- (with) + √dṛś (to see) + ka suffix.

Prefix: sa

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies vācaḥ.

नृप (nṛpa) - Addressing the narrator's audience (e.g., Dhritarashtra or Janamejaya) (O king!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

Compound of nṛ (man) + pa (protector), often analyzed as derived from √pā (to protect).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being, people
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from √pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

(indeclinable)

From pronoun tad + tasil suffix.

विममृशे (vimamṛśe) - Yudhishthira pondered (he reflected, pondered, considered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of mṛś

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada), Perfect tense. With prefix vi-. Shows reduplication mamṛś- for perfect tense.

Prefix: vi

Root: mṛś (class 6)

राजा (rājā) - Yudhishthira (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

N-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who, why

Interrogative pronoun.

नु (nu) - indeed, then, now (interrogative or emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - referring to the situation (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Demonstrative pronoun.

दैवकारितम् (daivakāritam) - caused by divine power/fate, divinely ordained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of daivakārita

daivakārita - caused by gods/fate, divinely made/ordained

Compound of daiva (divine, fate) and kārita (caused, made - PPP of causative of √kṛ).

Compound type : tatpurusha (daiva+kārita)

• daiva – divine, relating to gods; destiny, fate
  adjective (neuter)
  From deva (god) + aṇ suffix.
  Root: div (class 4)
• kārita – caused, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (Causative)
  From causative of √kṛ (to do, make) + kta suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)