महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-18, chapter-2, verse-14

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
इत्युक्त्वा तं ततो देवा देवदूतमुपादिशन् ।
युधिष्ठिरस्य सुहृदो दर्शयेति परंतप ॥१४॥

14. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
ityuktvā taṁ tato devā devadūtamupādiśan ,
yudhiṣṭhirasya suhṛdo darśayeti paraṁtapa.

14. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca iti uktvā tam tataḥ devāḥ deva-dūtam
upādiśan yudhiṣṭhirasya suhṛdaḥ darśaya iti paraṃtapa

14. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca iti uktvā tam tataḥ devāḥ deva-dūtam
upādiśan "paraṃtapa yudhiṣṭhirasya suhṛdaḥ darśaya" iti

14. Vaiśampāyana said: 'Having thus spoken to him, the gods then instructed a divine messenger, saying, "Show Yudhiṣṭhira's friends, O tormentor of foes."'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quotation

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• तम् (tam) - Yudhiṣṭhira (him, that (masculine accusative))

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

• देव-दूतम् (deva-dūtam) - divine messenger

• उपादिशन् (upādiśan) - they instructed, they commanded

• युधिष्ठिरस्य (yudhiṣṭhirasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira

• सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends (accusative plural)

• दर्शय (darśaya) - show (imperative)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quotation

• परंतप (paraṁtapa) - Addressed to the divine messenger, an epithet for a hero. (O tormentor of foes, O subduer of enemies)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, disciple of Vyāsa)

Note: Narrator.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative

3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quotation

(indeclinable)

Note: Used after speech in the format 'speech iti'.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root vac with suffix -ktvā.

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - Yudhiṣṭhira (him, that (masculine accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of upādiśan.

देव-दूतम् (deva-dūtam) - divine messenger

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deva-dūta

deva-dūta - messenger of the gods, divine messenger

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+dūta)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• dūta – messenger, envoy
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun (derived from past passive participle)
  From √dū (to go) or √dū (to burn), commonly means 'messenger'.
  Root: dū (class 9)

Note: Object of upādiśan.

उपादिशन् (upādiśan) - they instructed, they commanded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of upadiś

imperfect active indicative

3rd person plural, with upasarga 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

युधिष्ठिरस्य (yudhiṣṭhirasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest Pāṇḍava brother)

सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends (accusative plural)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, well-wisher

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• hṛd – heart, mind
  noun (neuter)
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'darśaya'.

दर्शय (darśaya) - show (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

causative imperative active

2nd person singular. Causative stem dārśaya from √dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quotation

(indeclinable)

Note: Used after speech in the format 'speech iti'.

परंतप (paraṁtapa) - Addressed to the divine messenger, an epithet for a hero. (O tormentor of foes, O subduer of enemies)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies, hero

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – other, hostile, enemy
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – burning, tormenting, heat
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From √tap (to heat, torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Refers to the divine messenger.