महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-18, chapter-2, verse-38

स ता गिरः पुरस्ताद्वै श्रुतपूर्वाः पुनः पुनः ।
ग्लानानां दुःखितानां च नाभ्यजानत पाण्डवः ॥३८॥

38. sa tā giraḥ purastādvai śrutapūrvāḥ punaḥ punaḥ ,
glānānāṁ duḥkhitānāṁ ca nābhyajānata pāṇḍavaḥ.

38. saḥ tāḥ giraḥ purastāt vai śrutapūrvāḥ punaḥ punaḥ
glānānām duḥkhitānām ca na abhyajānata pāṇḍavaḥ

38. saḥ pāṇḍavaḥ purastāt punaḥ punaḥ śrutapūrvāḥ tāḥ
glānānām duḥkhitānām ca giraḥ vai na abhyajānata

38. The son of Pāṇḍu did not recognize those words, which he had certainly heard repeatedly before, from those who were exhausted and suffering.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (from previous context) (he)

• ताः (tāḥ) - those

• गिरः (giraḥ) - words, speeches, voices

• पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - before, previously, in front of

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily (emphatic particle)

• श्रुतपूर्वाः (śrutapūrvāḥ) - heard before, previously heard

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• ग्लानानाम् (glānānām) - of the exhausted, of the weary

• दुःखितानाम् (duḥkhitānām) - of the suffering, of those in distress

• च (ca) - and

• न (na) - not

• अभ्यजानत (abhyajānata) - did not recognize, did not understand

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Pāṇḍu)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (from previous context) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ताः (tāḥ) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with giraḥ.

गिरः (giraḥ) - words, speeches, voices

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of gir

gir - word, speech, voice, song

पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - before, previously, in front of

(indeclinable)

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

श्रुतपूर्वाः (śrutapūrvāḥ) - heard before, previously heard

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of śrutapūrva

śrutapūrva - heard before, previously heard

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śruta+pūrva)

• śruta – heard, listened, famous
  verbal derivative (neuter)
  Past passive participle of √śru
  Root: śru (class 5)
• pūrva – former, earlier, prior, before
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with giraḥ.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

ग्लानानाम् (glānānām) - of the exhausted, of the weary

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of glāna

glāna - weary, exhausted, feeble, faded

Past passive participle of √glai 'to be weary'

Root: glai (class 1)

Note: Functions as a substantive, referring to 'those who were exhausted'.

दुःखितानाम् (duḥkhitānām) - of the suffering, of those in distress

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - pained, distressed, suffering, afflicted, unhappy

Past passive participle of √duḥkh 'to suffer'

Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Functions as a substantive, referring to 'those who were suffering'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अभ्यजानत (abhyajānata) - did not recognize, did not understand

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of abhyajānata

Imperfect middle 3rd person singular

From root jñā (9th class) with prefixes abhi and ā.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu