महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-18, chapter-2, verse-37

तेषां तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा दयावान्दीनभाषिणाम् ।
अहो कृच्छ्रमिति प्राह तस्थौ स च युधिष्ठिरः ॥३७॥

37. teṣāṁ tadvacanaṁ śrutvā dayāvāndīnabhāṣiṇām ,
aho kṛcchramiti prāha tasthau sa ca yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

37. teṣām tat vacanam śrutvā dayāvān dīnabhāṣiṇām aho
kṛcchram iti prāha tasthau saḥ ca yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

37. saḥ dayāvān yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ca teṣām dīnabhāṣiṇām tat
vacanam śrutvā "aho kṛcchram!" iti prāha tasthau

37. Having heard those words of theirs, of those who spoke miserably, the compassionate Yudhiṣṭhira exclaimed, 'Oh, what distress!' and he remained there.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• तत् (tat) - those (words) (that)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, utterance

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• दयावान् (dayāvān) - compassionate, merciful

• दीनभाषिणाम् (dīnabhāṣiṇām) - of those speaking pitiably/miserably

• अहो (aho) - an exclamation of surprise or sorrow (oh!, alas!, ah!)

• कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - what a hardship/difficulty! (difficulty, distress, hardship)

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quotative marker)

• प्राह (prāha) - exclaimed (said, spoke)

• तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood, remained, stayed

• सः (saḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (he)

• च (ca) - and

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तत् (tat) - those (words) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with vacanam.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, utterance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, saying, word, speech, utterance

From root vac 'to speak'.

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form of root śru.

Root: śru (class 5)

दयावान् (dayāvān) - compassionate, merciful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dayāvat

dayāvat - compassionate, merciful, kind, pitiful

Derived from dayā 'compassion' with the suffix -vat.

Note: Agrees with Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

दीनभाषिणाम् (dīnabhāṣiṇām) - of those speaking pitiably/miserably

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of dīnabhāṣin

dīnabhāṣin - speaking miserably/pitiably/humbly

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dīna+bhāṣin)

• dīna – pitiable, miserable, distressed, humble
  adjective (masculine)
  Past passive participle of √dī 'to decay, perish'
  Root: dī (class 4)
• bhāṣin – speaking, talkative, a speaker
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from √bhāṣ 'to speak'
  Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'teṣām'.

अहो (aho) - an exclamation of surprise or sorrow (oh!, alas!, ah!)

(indeclinable)

कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - what a hardship/difficulty! (difficulty, distress, hardship)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficulty, trouble, distress, pain, misery, hardship

Note: Used as an exclamation.

इति (iti) - thus, so (quotative marker)

(indeclinable)

प्राह (prāha) - exclaimed (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prāha

Perfect active 3rd person singular

From root ah with prefix pra. The root ah is often supplied for forms like prāha, though some grammarians connect it to √brū or √vac with irregular forms.

Prefix: pra

Root: ah

तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood, remained, stayed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of tasthau

Perfect active 3rd person singular

From root sthā (P.P. 1st class).

Root: sthā (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle (locative of yudh)
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)