महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-18, chapter-2, verse-20

अयोमुखैश्च काकोलैर्गृध्रैश्च समभिद्रुतम् ।
सूचीमुखैस्तथा प्रेतैर्विन्ध्यशैलोपमैर्वृतम् ॥२०॥

20. ayomukhaiśca kākolairgṛdhraiśca samabhidrutam ,
sūcīmukhaistathā pretairvindhyaśailopamairvṛtam.

20. ayomukhaiḥ ca kākolaiḥ gṛdhraiḥ ca samabhidrutam
sūcīmukhaiḥ tathā pretaiḥ vindhyaśailopamaiḥ vṛtam

20. It was assaulted by iron-beaked kākola birds and vultures, and surrounded by needle-mouthed disembodied spirits (preta) resembling the Vindhya mountains.

Words meanings summery:

• अयोमुखैः (ayomukhaiḥ) - by iron-beaked birds (by those with iron mouths/beaks)

• च (ca) - and

• काकोलैः (kākolaiḥ) - by a species of carnivorous bird with iron-like beaks (by kākolas (a kind of bird))

• गृध्रैः (gṛdhraiḥ) - by vultures

• च (ca) - and

• समभिद्रुतम् (samabhidrutam) - assailed, attacked

• सूचीमुखैः (sūcīmukhaiḥ) - by needle-mouthed (preta) spirits (by those with needle-like mouths)

• तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, in the same way, also)

• प्रेतैः (pretaiḥ) - by disembodied spirits, by ghosts

• विन्ध्यशैलोपमैः (vindhyaśailopamaiḥ) - by those resembling Vindhya mountains

• वृतम् (vṛtam) - surrounded, encompassed

Words meanings and morphology

अयोमुखैः (ayomukhaiḥ) - by iron-beaked birds (by those with iron mouths/beaks)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ayomukha

ayomukha - iron-mouthed, iron-beaked

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'having iron as a mouth'. aya (iron) + mukha (mouth).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (ayas+mukha)

• ayas – iron, metal
  noun (neuter)
• mukha – mouth, face, beak
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'kākolaiḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

काकोलैः (kākolaiḥ) - by a species of carnivorous bird with iron-like beaks (by kākolas (a kind of bird))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kākola

kākola - a species of carnivorous bird, a large raven or crow

गृध्रैः (gṛdhraiḥ) - by vultures

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gṛdhra

gṛdhra - vulture, greedy

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

समभिद्रुतम् (samabhidrutam) - assailed, attacked

(participle)

neuter, singular of samabhidruta

samabhidruta - assaulted, attacked, rushed upon

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix sam- + prefix abhi- + root DRU (to run, move quickly)

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: DRU (class 1)

Note: Adjective describing an implied neuter singular noun (e.g., a place or body).

सूचीमुखैः (sūcīmukhaiḥ) - by needle-mouthed (preta) spirits (by those with needle-like mouths)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sūcīmukha

sūcīmukha - needle-mouthed

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'having a needle as a mouth'. sūcī (needle) + mukha (mouth).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (sūcī+mukha)

• sūcī – needle, sharp point
  noun (feminine)
• mukha – mouth, face
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'pretaiḥ'.

तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, in the same way, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two parts of the sentence.

प्रेतैः (pretaiḥ) - by disembodied spirits, by ghosts

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of preta

preta - departed spirit, ghost, a dead person

Past Passive Participle (from pra-I 'to go forth'), used as a noun

Prefix: pra

Root: I (class 2)

विन्ध्यशैलोपमैः (vindhyaśailopamaiḥ) - by those resembling Vindhya mountains

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vindhyaśailopama

vindhyaśailopama - resembling the Vindhya mountains

Compound: Vindhya (name of a mountain range) + śaila (mountain) + upama (resembling).

Compound type : Upamāna Tatpurusha (vindhya+śaila+upama)

• vindhya – Vindhya mountain range
  proper noun (masculine)
• śaila – mountain, rock
  noun (masculine)
• upama – resembling, comparable to
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'pretaiḥ'.

वृतम् (vṛtam) - surrounded, encompassed

(participle)

neuter, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, covered, chosen

Past Passive Participle

From root VṚ (to cover, surround, choose).

Root: VṚ (class 5)

Note: Adjective describing an implied neuter singular noun (e.g., a place or body).