महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-18, chapter-2, verse-31

स संनिवृत्तो धर्मात्मा दुःखशोकसमन्वितः ।
शुश्राव तत्र वदतां दीना वाचः समन्ततः ॥३१॥

31. sa saṁnivṛtto dharmātmā duḥkhaśokasamanvitaḥ ,
śuśrāva tatra vadatāṁ dīnā vācaḥ samantataḥ.

31. sa saṃnivṛttaḥ dharmātmā duḥkhaśokasammanvitaḥ
śuśrāva tatra vadataām dīnāḥ vācaḥ samantataḥ

31. sa dharmātmā duḥkhaśokasammanvitaḥ saṃnivṛttaḥ
tatra samantataḥ vadataām dīnāḥ vācaḥ śuśrāva

31. He, the one whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was righteousness, returned, accompanied by sorrow and grief. There, he heard lamenting voices speaking from all directions.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• संनिवृत्तः (saṁnivṛttaḥ) - returned, turned back, come back

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - He whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is righteousness (righteous soul, virtuous person, one whose nature is righteousness)

• दुःखशोकसम्मन्वितः (duḥkhaśokasammanvitaḥ) - accompanied by sorrow and grief, filled with distress and lamentation

• शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - he heard

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• वदतआम् (vadataām) - of those speaking, of speakers

• दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - pitiable, lamenting, distressed

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, voices, speeches

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around, everywhere

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

संनिवृत्तः (saṁnivṛttaḥ) - returned, turned back, come back

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃnivṛtta

saṁnivṛtta - returned, come back, ceased

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛt with prefixes sam and ni

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used as a predicate adjective with 'sa'.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - He whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is righteousness (righteous soul, virtuous person, one whose nature is righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous soul, one whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is righteousness

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – soul, self, essence, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

दुःखशोकसम्मन्वितः (duḥkhaśokasammanvitaḥ) - accompanied by sorrow and grief, filled with distress and lamentation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhaśokasammanvita

duḥkhaśokasammanvita - accompanied by sorrow and grief

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+śoka+samanvita)

• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, distress
  noun (neuter)
• śoka – grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• samanvita – endowed with, accompanied by, possessed of
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'i' with prefixes 'sam' and 'anu'
  Prefixes: sam+anu
  Root: i (class 2)

शुश्राव (śuśrāva) - he heard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

वदतआम् (vadataām) - of those speaking, of speakers

(participle)

Genitive, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, saying

Present Active Participle

From root vad

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'vācaḥ'.

दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - pitiable, lamenting, distressed

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of dīna

dīna - pitiable, distressed, sad, lamenting

Note: Agrees with 'vācaḥ'.

वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, voices, speeches

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - word, speech, voice

Root: vac (class 2)

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around, everywhere

(indeclinable)