महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-18, chapter-2, verse-23

ददर्शोष्णोदकैः पूर्णां नदीं चापि सुदुर्गमाम् ।
असिपत्रवनं चैव निशितक्षुरसंवृतम् ॥२३॥

23. dadarśoṣṇodakaiḥ pūrṇāṁ nadīṁ cāpi sudurgamām ,
asipatravanaṁ caiva niśitakṣurasaṁvṛtam.

23. dadarśa uṣṇodakaiḥ pūrṇām nadīm ca api sudurgamām
asipatravanaṃ ca eva niśitakṣurasaṃvṛtam

23. (saḥ) uṣṇodakaiḥ pūrṇām sudurgamām nadīm api ca
niśitakṣurasaṃvṛtam asipatravanaṃ eva ca dadarśa

23. He saw a river filled with hot water, exceedingly difficult to traverse, and indeed, a forest of sword-leaves, covered with sharp razors.

Words meanings summery:

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - He (implied subject, Yudhishthira) saw (he saw, perceived, observed)

• उष्णोदकैः (uṣṇodakaiḥ) - with hot water (by hot water, with hot water)

• पूर्णाम् (pūrṇām) - filled (with hot water) (full, filled, complete)

• नदीम् (nadīm) - a river (river)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• सुदुर्गमाम् (sudurgamām) - exceedingly difficult to traverse (very difficult to traverse, inaccessible)

• असिपत्रवनं (asipatravanaṁ) - a forest whose leaves are like swords (a forest of sword-leaves)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, verily (indeed, just, only, exactly)

• निशितक्षुरसंवृतम् (niśitakṣurasaṁvṛtam) - covered with sharp razors

Words meanings and morphology

ददर्श (dadarśa) - He (implied subject, Yudhishthira) saw (he saw, perceived, observed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of dṛś

Perfect Tense, 3rd Person Singular

Root dṛś, Perfect Tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular. Reduplicated root.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

उष्णोदकैः (uṣṇodakaiḥ) - with hot water (by hot water, with hot water)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of uṣṇodaka

uṣṇodaka - hot water

Compound of uṣṇa (hot) and udaka (water).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (uṣṇa+udaka)

• uṣṇa – hot, warm, passionate
  adjective
• udaka – water
  noun (neuter)

पूर्णाम् (pūrṇām) - filled (with hot water) (full, filled, complete)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pūrṇa

pūrṇa - full, filled, complete, abundant

Past Passive Participle

From root pṛ (to fill).

Root: pṛ (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'nadīm'.

नदीम् (nadīm) - a river (river)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river, stream

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphasizes 'also'.

सुदुर्गमाम् (sudurgamām) - exceedingly difficult to traverse (very difficult to traverse, inaccessible)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sudurgama

sudurgama - very difficult to access, very hard to pass, inaccessible

Compound of su (very, good), dur (difficult), and gama (going).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+durgama)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix/Adverb indicating excellence or ease.
• durgama – difficult to go, inaccessible, hard to traverse
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of 'dur' (difficult/bad) and 'gama' (going/moving).
  Prefix: dur
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'nadīm'.

असिपत्रवनं (asipatravanaṁ) - a forest whose leaves are like swords (a forest of sword-leaves)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asipatravana

asipatravana - forest with sword-leaves

Compound of asi (sword), patra (leaf), vana (forest).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (asi+patra+vana)

• asi – sword, dagger
  noun (masculine)
• patra – leaf, feather, letter, vehicle
  noun (neuter)
• vana – forest, wood, grove, thicket
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, verily (indeed, just, only, exactly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Adds emphasis.

निशितक्षुरसंवृतम् (niśitakṣurasaṁvṛtam) - covered with sharp razors

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of niśitakṣurasaṃvṛta

niśitakṣurasaṁvṛta - covered by sharp razors

Compound of niśita (sharp), kṣura (razor), and saṃvṛta (covered).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (niśita+kṣura+saṃvṛta)

• niśita – sharpened, sharp, keen
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śā (to sharpen) with prefix ni.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: śā (class 4)
• kṣura – razor, knife
  noun (masculine)
• saṃvṛta – covered, surrounded, enclosed, concealed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'asipatravanaṃ'.