महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-84, verse-9

अनार्या ये न जानन्ति समयं मन्दचेतसः ।
तेभ्यः प्रतिजुगुप्सेथा जानीयाः समयच्युतान् ॥९॥

9. anāryā ye na jānanti samayaṁ mandacetasaḥ ,
tebhyaḥ pratijugupsethā jānīyāḥ samayacyutān.

9. anāryāḥ ye na jānanti samayam mandacetasaḥ
tebhyaḥ pratijugupsethāḥ jānīyāḥ samayacyutān

9. ye anāryāḥ mandacetasaḥ (santaḥ) samayam na jānanti
tebhyaḥ pratijugupsethāḥ (tān) samayacyutān jānīyāḥ

9. You should guard yourself against those ignoble (anārya) and dull-witted (mandacetas) persons who do not understand the proper conventions (samaya). You should recognize them as those who have deviated from the established norms (samayacyuta).

Words meanings summery:

• अनार्याः (anāryāḥ) - ignoble, unworthy, not noble

• ये (ye) - who (plural)

• न (na) - not

• जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know, they understand

• समयम् (samayam) - convention, agreement, proper time, custom

• मन्दचेतसः (mandacetasaḥ) - dull-witted, slow-minded

• तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - from them, to them

• प्रतिजुगुप्सेथाः (pratijugupsethāḥ) - you should guard yourself against, you should turn away from

• जानीयाः (jānīyāḥ) - you should know, you should recognize

• समयच्युतान् (samayacyutān) - those fallen from convention, those who have deviated from the norm

Words meanings and morphology

अनार्याः (anāryāḥ) - ignoble, unworthy, not noble

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anārya

anārya - ignoble, unworthy, not Aryan/noble

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (an+ārya)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• ārya – noble, honorable, respectable
  adjective/noun (masculine/feminine/neuter)

Note: Agrees with ye.

ये (ye) - who (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who (relative pronoun)

Note: Subject of jānanti.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb jānanti.

जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Kryādi class (9th conjugation), Parasmaipada, Present tense.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject is ye.

समयम् (samayam) - convention, agreement, proper time, custom

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samaya

samaya - convention, agreement, custom, proper time, pledge

From sam-i 'to come together'.

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of jānanti.

मन्दचेतसः (mandacetasaḥ) - dull-witted, slow-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mandacetas

mandacetas - dull-witted, slow of mind, foolish

Compound type : bahuvrihi (manda+cetas)

• manda – slow, dull, languid
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• cetas – mind, intellect, consciousness
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with ye.

तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - from them, to them

(pronoun)

masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they (demonstrative/personal pronoun)

Note: The ablative sense "from them" is implied by pratijugupsethāḥ "guard oneself against".

प्रतिजुगुप्सेथाः (pratijugupsethāḥ) - you should guard yourself against, you should turn away from

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of prati-gup

Desiderative form of root gup 'to protect' (with reduplication ju-gups) with prefix prati. Ātmanepada, Optative mood.

Prefix: prati

Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Implied subject 'you'.

जानीयाः (jānīyāḥ) - you should know, you should recognize

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of jñā

Kryādi class (9th conjugation), Parasmaipada, Optative mood.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Implied subject 'you'.

समयच्युतान् (samayacyutān) - those fallen from convention, those who have deviated from the norm

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of samayacyuta

samayacyuta - one who has fallen from agreement/convention, deviant from custom

Compound type : pañcamī-tatpurusha (samaya+cyuta)

• samaya – convention, agreement, custom, proper time, pledge
  noun (masculine)
  From sam-i 'to come together'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: i (class 2)
• cyuta – fallen, deviated, slipped
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root cyu 'to move, to fall'.
  Root: cyu (class 1)

Note: Object of jānīyāḥ, acting as a predicate. '(you should know them as) fallen from convention'.