महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-84, verse-12

समर्थान्पूजयेद्यश्च नास्पर्ध्यैः स्पर्धते च यः ।
न च कामाद्भयात्क्रोधाल्लोभाद्वा धर्ममुत्सृजेत् ॥१२॥

12. samarthānpūjayedyaśca nāspardhyaiḥ spardhate ca yaḥ ,
na ca kāmādbhayātkrodhāllobhādvā dharmamutsṛjet.

12. samarthān pūjayet yaḥ ca na aspardhyaiḥ spardhate ca
yaḥ na ca kāmāt bhayāt krodhāt lobhāt vā dharmam utsṛjet

12. ca yaḥ samarthān pūjayet ca yaḥ aspardhyaiḥ na spardhate
ca yaḥ kāmāt bhayāt krodhāt lobhāt vā dharmam na utsṛjet

12. Such a person honors the capable, does not compete with those unworthy of rivalry, and never abandons their intrinsic nature (dharma) out of desire, fear, anger, or greed.

Words meanings summery:

• समर्थान् (samarthān) - capable, competent, powerful, efficient

• पूजयेत् (pūjayet) - should honor, should worship, should respect

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• च (ca) - and, also

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्पर्ध्यैः (aspardhyaiḥ) - with those who are not rivals, with those unworthy of rivalry

• स्पर्धते (spardhate) - competes, rivals, contends

• च (ca) - and, also

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire, due to desire

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, due to fear

• क्रोधात् (krodhāt) - from anger, due to anger

• लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed, due to greed

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - intrinsic nature (dharma) (duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, law, constitution)

• उत्सृजेत् (utsṛjet) - should abandon, should give up, should discard

Words meanings and morphology

समर्थान् (samarthān) - capable, competent, powerful, efficient

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of samartha

samartha - capable, competent, powerful, efficient, suitable

From sam-√arth (to be able, to be competent)

Prefix: sam

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Refers to capable individuals.

पूजयेत् (pūjayet) - should honor, should worship, should respect

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of pūj

Optative mood

Root pūj, 10th conjugation (pūjayati), Parasmaipada, optative mood

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Agrees with implied 'yaḥ' (he who).

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to the 'superior person'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अस्पर्ध्यैः (aspardhyaiḥ) - with those who are not rivals, with those unworthy of rivalry

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aspardhya

aspardhya - not a rival, unworthy of rivalry

Negative compound of a + spardhya

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+spardhya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• spardhya – fit to be competed with, a rival, an opponent
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From √spardh (to compete, to rival), suffix -ya
  Root: spardh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied 'janais' (by people).

स्पर्धते (spardhate) - competes, rivals, contends

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of spardh

Present Tense

Root spardh, 1st conjugation, Ātmanepada

Root: spardh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to the 'superior person'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire, due to desire

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, sensual pleasure

From √kam (to desire, to love)

Root: kam (class 1)

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, due to fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, alarm

From √bhī (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

क्रोधात् (krodhāt) - from anger, due to anger

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath, rage

From √krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed, due to greed

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of lobha

lobha - greed, avarice, covetousness

From √lubh (to covet, to be greedy)

Root: lubh (class 4)

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the ablative causes.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - intrinsic nature (dharma) (duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, law, constitution)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteous conduct, moral duty, natural law, intrinsic nature, religion, justice

From √dhṛ (to uphold, to sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

उत्सृजेत् (utsṛjet) - should abandon, should give up, should discard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of sṛj

Optative mood

Root sṛj, 6th conjugation, Parasmaipada, optative mood

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Agrees with implied 'yaḥ'.