महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-84, verse-45

स्वासु प्रकृतिषु छिद्रं लक्षयेरन्परस्य च ।
मन्त्रिणो मन्त्रमूलं हि राज्ञो राष्ट्रं विवर्धते ॥४५॥

45. svāsu prakṛtiṣu chidraṁ lakṣayeranparasya ca ,
mantriṇo mantramūlaṁ hi rājño rāṣṭraṁ vivardhate.

45. svāsu prakṛtiṣu chidram lakṣayeran parasya ca
mantriṇaḥ mantramūlam hi rājñaḥ rāṣṭram vivardhate

45. mantriṇaḥ svāsu prakṛtiṣu ca parasya chidram
lakṣayeran; hi mantramūlam rājñaḥ rāṣṭram vivardhate

45. Ministers should observe weaknesses in their own subjects (prakṛti) and also in those of the enemy; for, indeed, the king's kingdom (rāṣṭra) flourishes through sound counsel (mantra).

Words meanings summery:

• स्वासु (svāsu) - in their own

• प्रकृतिषु (prakṛtiṣu) - in their own subjects (prakṛti) (in subjects, in constituents, in elements, in nature)

• छिद्रम् (chidram) - weakness, flaw, defect, hole, gap

• लक्षयेरन् (lakṣayeran) - they should observe, they should perceive

• परस्य (parasya) - of the enemy (of the other, of the enemy)

• च (ca) - and, also

• मन्त्रिणः (mantriṇaḥ) - by ministers (implied subject of 'lakṣayeran') (of ministers, by ministers)

• मन्त्रमूलम् (mantramūlam) - originating from good counsel (mantra) (rooted in counsel, having counsel as its origin)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, surely, because)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom (rāṣṭra) (kingdom, nation, realm)

• विवर्धते (vivardhate) - flourishes, prospers, grows, increases

Words meanings and morphology

स्वासु (svāsu) - in their own

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, plural of sva

sva - own, one's own

Note: Agrees with 'prakṛtiṣu'.

प्रकृतिषु (prakṛtiṣu) - in their own subjects (prakṛti) (in subjects, in constituents, in elements, in nature)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of prakṛti

prakṛti - nature, origin, original form, constituent, subjects, people, fundamental principle

Root: kṛ (class 8)

छिद्रम् (chidram) - weakness, flaw, defect, hole, gap

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of chidra

chidra - weakness, flaw, defect, hole, gap

Root: chid (class 7)

लक्षयेरन् (lakṣayeran) - they should observe, they should perceive

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhilin) of lakṣ

Optative Active

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

परस्य (parasya) - of the enemy (of the other, of the enemy)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, enemy, supreme

Note: Modifies implied 'chidram'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मन्त्रिणः (mantriṇaḥ) - by ministers (implied subject of 'lakṣayeran') (of ministers, by ministers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mantrin

mantrin - minister, counselor

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Can be nominative plural here, referring to the subject 'ministers'.

मन्त्रमूलम् (mantramūlam) - originating from good counsel (mantra) (rooted in counsel, having counsel as its origin)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mantramūla

mantramūla - rooted in counsel, having counsel as its origin

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mantra+mūla)

• mantra – counsel, advice, secret plan
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man (class 4)
• mūla – root, origin, foundation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'rāṣṭram'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom (rāṣṭra) (kingdom, nation, realm)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, nation, realm, state

Root: rāj (class 1)

विवर्धते (vivardhate) - flourishes, prospers, grows, increases

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vṛdh

Present Middle Indicative

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)