महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-84, verse-17

संबद्धाः पुरुषैराप्तैरभिजातैः स्वदेशजैः ।
अहार्यैरव्यभीचारैः सर्वतः सुपरीक्षितैः ॥१७॥

17. saṁbaddhāḥ puruṣairāptairabhijātaiḥ svadeśajaiḥ ,
ahāryairavyabhīcāraiḥ sarvataḥ suparīkṣitaiḥ.

17. sambaddhāḥ puruṣaiḥ āptaiḥ abhijātaiḥ svadeśajaiḥ
ahāryaiḥ avyabhīcāraiḥ sarvataḥ suparīkṣitaiḥ

17. āptaiḥ abhijātaiḥ svadeśajaiḥ ahāryaiḥ avyabhīcāraiḥ
sarvataḥ suparīkṣitaiḥ puruṣaiḥ (te) sambaddhāḥ (syuḥ)

17. (Ministers or warriors) should be allied with reliable, high-born, indigenous men, who are incorruptible, unwavering in loyalty, and thoroughly tested in all respects.

Words meanings summery:

• सम्बद्धाः (sambaddhāḥ) - allied, connected (connected, bound, allied, related)

• पुरुषैः (puruṣaiḥ) - with men (by men, with persons)

• आप्तैः (āptaiḥ) - by reliable (by trusted, by honest, by reliable)

• अभिजातैः (abhijātaiḥ) - by high-born, by noble

• स्वदेशजैः (svadeśajaiḥ) - by indigenous (by indigenous, by those born in one's own country)

• अहार्यैः (ahāryaiḥ) - by incorruptible (by incorruptible, by unseizable)

• अव्यभीचारैः (avyabhīcāraiḥ) - by unwavering in loyalty (by unwavering, by loyal, by faithful)

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - in all respects, thoroughly (completely, in every way, from all sides)

• सुपरीक्षितैः (suparīkṣitaiḥ) - by thoroughly tested (by well-tested, by thoroughly examined)

Words meanings and morphology

सम्बद्धाः (sambaddhāḥ) - allied, connected (connected, bound, allied, related)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sambaddha

sambaddha - connected, joined, bound, allied

Past Passive Participle

From root bandh (to bind) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Predicative for an implied subject (e.g., ministers or warriors)

पुरुषैः (puruṣaiḥ) - with men (by men, with persons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, the Supreme Being (puruṣa)

Root: pṛ

Note: Specifies who the alliance is with

आप्तैः (āptaiḥ) - by reliable (by trusted, by honest, by reliable)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āpta

āpta - trusted, reliable, honest, acquired, obtained

Past Passive Participle

From root āp (to obtain, reach) and also means reliable/authoritative

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies puruṣaiḥ

अभिजातैः (abhijātaiḥ) - by high-born, by noble

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of abhijāta

abhijāta - well-born, noble, high-born

Past Passive Participle

From root jan (to be born) with prefix abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies puruṣaiḥ

स्वदेशजैः (svadeśajaiḥ) - by indigenous (by indigenous, by those born in one's own country)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of svadeśaja

svadeśaja - indigenous, native, born in one's own country

Tatpuruṣa compound: sva (own) + deśa (country) + ja (born from)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+deśa+ja)

• sva – own, one's own
  adjective (masculine)
• deśa – country, region, place
  noun (masculine)
  Root: diś (class 6)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Derivative suffix
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies puruṣaiḥ

अहार्यैः (ahāryaiḥ) - by incorruptible (by incorruptible, by unseizable)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ahārya

ahārya - not to be carried off, unseizable, incorruptible, irresistible

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root hṛ (to take away) with prefix ā- and negation a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hārya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix
• hārya – to be carried off, to be seized, vulnerable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
  From root hṛ (to take) with suffix ṇyat and prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies puruṣaiḥ

अव्यभीचारैः (avyabhīcāraiḥ) - by unwavering in loyalty (by unwavering, by loyal, by faithful)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of avyabhīcāra

avyabhīcāra - not deviating, unwavering, faithful, loyal

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of a (negation) + vyabhīcāra (deviation, disloyalty)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyabhīcāra)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix
• vyabhīcāra – deviation, transgression, disloyalty, inconstancy
  noun (masculine)
  From root car (to move) with prefixes vi- and abhi-
  Prefixes: vi+abhi
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies puruṣaiḥ

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - in all respects, thoroughly (completely, in every way, from all sides)

(indeclinable)

From sarva (all) + tasil suffix

Note: Modifies suparīkṣitaiḥ

सुपरीक्षितैः (suparīkṣitaiḥ) - by thoroughly tested (by well-tested, by thoroughly examined)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of suparīkṣita

suparīkṣita - well-tested, thoroughly examined

Past Passive Participle

From root īkṣ (to see, look) with prefixes su- (well) and pari-

Compound type : pra-tatpuruṣa (su+parīkṣita)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Adverbial prefix
• parīkṣita – examined, tested, investigated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root īkṣ (to see) with prefix pari-
  Prefix: pari
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies puruṣaiḥ