महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-84, verse-54

आरुह्य वातायनमेव शून्यं स्थलं प्रकाशं कुशकाशहीनम् ।
वागङ्गदोषान्परिहृत्य मन्त्रं संमन्त्रयेत्कार्यमहीनकालम् ॥५४॥

54. āruhya vātāyanameva śūnyaṁ; sthalaṁ prakāśaṁ kuśakāśahīnam ,
vāgaṅgadoṣānparihṛtya mantraṁ; saṁmantrayetkāryamahīnakālam.

54. ārūhya vātāyanam eva śūnyam sthalam prakāśam kuśakāśahīnam
vāgaṅgadoṣān parihṛtya mantram sammantrayet kāryam ahīnakālam

54. śūnyam prakāśam kuśakāśahīnam vātāyanam eva sthalam ārūhya
vāgaṅgadoṣān parihṛtya ahīnakālam kāryam mantram sammantrayet

54. Having ascended to a private, open place, such as a window (vātāyanam), which is clear of dense undergrowth (kuśakāśahīnam), and having avoided faults of speech and posture, one should deliberate thoroughly on the matter (kāryam) at the opportune time (ahīnakālam).

Words meanings summery:

• आरूह्य (ārūhya) - having ascended, having climbed

• वातायनम् (vātāyanam) - window, balcony

• एव (eva) - just or exactly in the sense of 'this very' place. (just, only, indeed)

• शून्यम् (śūnyam) - private or unoccupied (empty, vacant, desolate, private)

• स्थलम् (sthalam) - place, spot, ground

• प्रकाशम् (prakāśam) - open or visible (implying no hiding spots nearby) (light, bright, clear, manifest, open)

• कुशकाशहीनम् (kuśakāśahīnam) - clear of dense undergrowth or barren (so no hiding places) (devoid of kuśa grass and kāśa grass)

• वागङ्गदोषान् (vāgaṅgadoṣān) - faults of speech and posture (faults/defects of speech and body/limbs)

• परिहृत्य (parihṛtya) - having avoided, having eschewed, having given up

• मन्त्रम् (mantram) - counsel or plan in the context of statecraft. (counsel, plan, sacred formula (mantra))

• सम्मन्त्रयेत् (sammantrayet) - one should deliberate thoroughly (one should deliberate, consult well, conspire)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - matter, business, task, what is to be done

• अहीनकालम् (ahīnakālam) - at the opportune time (at the proper time, without losing time, at the right moment)

Words meanings and morphology

आरूह्य (ārūhya) - having ascended, having climbed

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

Formed from ā + root ruh + suffix ya.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

वातायनम् (vātāyanam) - window, balcony

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vātāyana

vātāyana - window, air-hole, balcony

From vāta (wind) + ayana (going, path).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāta+ayana)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vā (class 2)
• ayana – going, path, course
  noun (neuter)
  From root i (to go)
  Root: i (class 2)

एव (eva) - just or exactly in the sense of 'this very' place. (just, only, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

शून्यम् (śūnyam) - private or unoccupied (empty, vacant, desolate, private)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śūnya

śūnya - empty, void, solitary, private, non-existent

From root śvi (to swell), or śū (to swell).

Root: śū (class 1)

स्थलम् (sthalam) - place, spot, ground

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sthala

sthala - place, spot, dry ground, position

From root sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

प्रकाशम् (prakāśam) - open or visible (implying no hiding spots nearby) (light, bright, clear, manifest, open)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prakāśa

prakāśa - light, brilliant, clear, manifest, famous

From pra + root kāś (to shine, appear).

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

कुशकाशहीनम् (kuśakāśahīnam) - clear of dense undergrowth or barren (so no hiding places) (devoid of kuśa grass and kāśa grass)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kuśakāśahīna

kuśakāśahīna - devoid of Kuśa and Kāśa grass (implying no hiding for eavesdroppers)

Tatpuruṣa compound. hīna means 'devoid of'. kuśa and kāśa are types of grass.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuśa+kāśa+hīna)

• kuśa – darbha grass (Poa cynosuroides)
  noun (masculine)
• kāśa – kāśa grass (Saccharum spontaneum)
  noun (masculine)
• hīna – devoid of, deficient in, inferior
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root hā (to abandon, forsake)
  Root: hā (class 3)

वागङ्गदोषान् (vāgaṅgadoṣān) - faults of speech and posture (faults/defects of speech and body/limbs)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vāgaṅgadoṣa

vāgaṅgadoṣa - faults of speech and body

Dvandva compound of vāc (speech) and aṅga (limb/body) + doṣa (fault). Vāc changes to vāg due to sandhi in compound.

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (vāc+aṅga+doṣa)

• vāc – speech, voice, word
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• aṅga – limb, body, part
  noun (neuter)
• doṣa – fault, defect, vice
  noun (masculine)
  From root duṣ (to be faulty)
  Root: duṣ (class 4)

परिहृत्य (parihṛtya) - having avoided, having eschewed, having given up

(indeclinable)

absolutive / gerund

Formed from pari + root hṛ + suffix tya.

Prefix: pari

Root: hṛ (class 1)

मन्त्रम् (mantram) - counsel or plan in the context of statecraft. (counsel, plan, sacred formula (mantra))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mantra

mantra - counsel, advice, secret plan, sacred formula, incantation

From root mantr (to advise, consult).

Root: mantr (class 10)

Note: Object of sammantrayet.

सम्मन्त्रयेत् (sammantrayet) - one should deliberate thoroughly (one should deliberate, consult well, conspire)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of sammantray

optative mood, 3rd person singular

From sam + denominative root mantray (from mantra).

Prefix: sam

Root: mantr (class 10)

Note: Implied subject is 'one' (the ruler/counselor).

कार्यम् (kāryam) - matter, business, task, what is to be done

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - work, business, matter, duty, what is to be done

gerundive (future passive participle)

From root kṛ (to do, to make) + suffix ya.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अहीनकालम् (ahīnakālam) - at the opportune time (at the proper time, without losing time, at the right moment)

(indeclinable)

Bahuvrīhi or tatpuruṣa compound. a (not) + hīna (lost) + kāla (time). Here used adverbially.

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+hīna+kāla)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• hīna – lost, deficient, abandoned
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root hā (to abandon, forsake)
  Root: hā (class 3)
• kāla – time, season, proper time
  noun (masculine)