महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-84, verse-11

श्रेयसो लक्षणं ह्येतद्विक्रमो यस्य दृश्यते ।
कीर्तिप्रधानो यश्च स्यात्समये यश्च तिष्ठति ॥११॥

11. śreyaso lakṣaṇaṁ hyetadvikramo yasya dṛśyate ,
kīrtipradhāno yaśca syātsamaye yaśca tiṣṭhati.

11. śreyasaḥ lakṣaṇam hi etat vikramaḥ yasya dṛśyate
kīrtipradhānaḥ yaḥ ca syāt samaye yaḥ ca tiṣṭhati

11. etat hi śreyasaḥ lakṣaṇam yasya vikramaḥ dṛśyate
ca yaḥ kīrtipradhānaḥ syāt ca yaḥ samaye tiṣṭhati

11. Indeed, these are the characteristics of a superior person: whose valor is evident, who prioritizes glory, and who stands firm at the appropriate time.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रेयसः (śreyasaḥ) - of a superior person (of welfare, of prosperity, of good, of excellence)

• लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristic, mark, sign, definition

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• एतत् (etat) - this

• विक्रमः (vikramaḥ) - valor, prowess, might, courage

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, is observed, is visible

• कीर्तिप्रधानः (kīrtipradhānaḥ) - whose primary object is fame, prioritizing glory

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• च (ca) - and, also

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be, let be

• समये (samaye) - at the proper time, in due season, at the right moment

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• च (ca) - and, also

• तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stands, remains, abides, stays firm

Words meanings and morphology

श्रेयसः (śreyasaḥ) - of a superior person (of welfare, of prosperity, of good, of excellence)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - welfare, prosperity, good, excellence, superior

Comparative form of śrī (good fortune) or praśasya (excellent), related to śrī (goddess of prosperity)

लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristic, mark, sign, definition

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of lakṣaṇa

lakṣaṇa - mark, sign, characteristic, definition, attribute

From √lakṣ (to observe, to mark)

Root: lakṣ (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that (near)

Note: Refers to the following characteristics.

विक्रमः (vikramaḥ) - valor, prowess, might, courage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikrama

vikrama - valor, prowess, might, courage, a step, an advance

From vi-√kram (to step forth, to stride, to be powerful)

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to the 'superior person' being described.

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, is observed, is visible

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Passive

Root dṛś, 4th conjugation, Ātmanepada, passive voice

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vikramaḥ'.

कीर्तिप्रधानः (kīrtipradhānaḥ) - whose primary object is fame, prioritizing glory

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kīrtipradhāna

kīrtipradhāna - having fame as primary, prioritizing glory

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kīrti+pradhāna)

• kīrti – fame, glory, renown
  noun (feminine)
  From √kṛt (to praise, to describe)
  Root: kṛt (class 6)
• pradhāna – chief, principal, main, primary object
  noun (neuter)
  From pra-√dhā (to put forward, to place at the head)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with implied 'yaḥ' (who).

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to the 'superior person'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be, let be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative mood

Root as, 2nd conjugation, Parasmaipada, optative mood

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

समये (samaye) - at the proper time, in due season, at the right moment

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samaya

samaya - time, proper time, agreement, convention, promise

From sam-√i (to come together, to meet)

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to the 'superior person'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stands, remains, abides, stays firm

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

Present Tense

Root sthā, 1st conjugation, Parasmaipada

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.