महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-84, verse-20

परीक्षितगुणान्नित्यं प्रौढभावान्धुरंधरान् ।
पञ्चोपधाव्यतीतांश्च कुर्याद्राजार्थकारिणः ॥२०॥

20. parīkṣitaguṇānnityaṁ prauḍhabhāvāndhuraṁdharān ,
pañcopadhāvyatītāṁśca kuryādrājārthakāriṇaḥ.

20. parīkṣitagunān nityam prauḍhabhāvān dhurandharān
pañcopadhāvyatītān ca kuryāt rājārthakāriṇaḥ

20. nityam parīkṣitagunān prauḍhabhāvān dhurandharān
ca pañcopadhāvyatītān rājārthakāriṇaḥ kuryāt

20. One should always appoint as royal officials those whose qualities have been thoroughly tested, who are mature in disposition, capable of bearing great responsibilities, and who have successfully passed the five traditional tests (pañcopadhā) of integrity.

Words meanings summery:

• परीक्षितगुनान् (parīkṣitagunān) - whose qualities have been tested, whose virtues are examined

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• प्रौढभावान् (prauḍhabhāvān) - mature in disposition, profound in nature, serious-minded

• धुरन्धरान् (dhurandharān) - capable of bearing burdens, able administrators, responsible

• पञ्चोपधाव्यतीतान् (pañcopadhāvyatītān) - who have passed the five traditional tests (upadhās) of loyalty and integrity as per statecraft texts (who have passed the five tests (of integrity))

• च (ca) - and, also

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - one should make, appoint, do

• राजार्थकारिणः (rājārthakāriṇaḥ) - those who work for the king's interest, royal officials

Words meanings and morphology

परीक्षितगुनान् (parīkṣitagunān) - whose qualities have been tested, whose virtues are examined

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of parīkṣitaguna

parīkṣitaguna - one whose qualities are tested

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (parīkṣita+guna)

• parīkṣita – tested, examined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from pari + īkṣ (to see, examine)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)
• guna – quality, virtue, strand
  noun (masculine)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

accusative of nitya used adverbially

प्रौढभावान् (prauḍhabhāvān) - mature in disposition, profound in nature, serious-minded

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prauḍhabhāva

prauḍhabhāva - mature disposition, profound nature

Compound type : Tatpurusha (prauḍha+bhāva)

• prauḍha – mature, grown, strong
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from pra + vṛdh (to grow)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• bhāva – state, condition, disposition, nature
  noun (masculine)
  from root 'bhū' (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

धुरन्धरान् (dhurandharān) - capable of bearing burdens, able administrators, responsible

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dhurandhara

dhurandhara - burden-bearer, able, responsible

Compound type : Upapada Tatpurusha (dhur+dhara)

• dhur – burden, yoke
  noun (feminine)
• dhara – holding, bearing
  adjective (masculine)
  from root 'dhṛ' (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

पञ्चोपधाव्यतीतान् (pañcopadhāvyatītān) - who have passed the five traditional tests (upadhās) of loyalty and integrity as per statecraft texts (who have passed the five tests (of integrity))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pañcopadhāvyatīta

pañcopadhāvyatīta - having passed the five tests of integrity

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (pañca+upadhā+vyatīta)

• pañca – five
  numeral
• upadhā – test, trial, stratagem
  noun (feminine)
  from upa + dhā (to place)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• vyatīta – passed, gone beyond, traversed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from vi + ati + i (to go)
  Prefixes: vi+ati
  Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - one should make, appoint, do

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

राजार्थकारिणः (rājārthakāriṇaḥ) - those who work for the king's interest, royal officials

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rājārthakārin

rājārthakārin - one who acts for the king's interest, royal official

Compound type : Tatpurusha (rājan+artha+kārin)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• artha – purpose, interest, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• kārin – doing, making, actor
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  from root 'kṛ' (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)