महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-16, verse-58

अतो दुःखतरं किं नु केशव प्रतिभाति मे ।
यदिमाः कुर्वते सर्वा रूपमुच्चावचं स्त्रियः ॥५८॥

58. ato duḥkhataraṁ kiṁ nu keśava pratibhāti me ,
yadimāḥ kurvate sarvā rūpamuccāvacaṁ striyaḥ.

58. ataḥ duḥkhataram kim nu keśava pratibhāti me
yat imāḥ kurvate sarvāḥ rūpam uccāvacam striyaḥ

58. keśava,
me ataḥ duḥkhataram kim nu pratibhāti,
yat imāḥ sarvāḥ striyaḥ uccāvacam rūpam kurvate.

58. O Keśava, what indeed could appear more sorrowful to me than the fact that all these women assume varied forms?

Words meanings summery:

• अतः (ataḥ) - from this state of affairs (therefore, hence, from this)

• दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more painful, more sorrowful

• किम् (kim) - what?

• नु (nu) - rhetorical particle, emphasizing the question (indeed, now, certainly)

• केशव (keśava) - addressing Lord Kṛṣṇa (O Keśava (a name of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa))

• प्रतिभाति (pratibhāti) - appears, seems, shines forth

• मे (me) - to me (dative/genitive of 'I') (to me, for me, my)

• यत् (yat) - introduces a clause explaining the reason or content of 'more painful' (that, which, because)

• इमाः (imāḥ) - these (feminine plural)

• कुर्वते (kurvate) - they make, they do, they perform

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every

• रूपम् (rūpam) - appearance or state (form, appearance, beauty, nature)

• उच्चावचम् (uccāvacam) - changing, of different kinds (varied, diverse, high and low)

• स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

Words meanings and morphology

अतः (ataḥ) - from this state of affairs (therefore, hence, from this)

(indeclinable)

दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more painful, more sorrowful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkhatara

duḥkhatara - more painful, more sorrowful

comparative adjective from duḥkha

Note: Can also be accusative singular neuter. Here nominative.

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, which?, who?

नु (nu) - rhetorical particle, emphasizing the question (indeed, now, certainly)

(indeclinable)

केशव (keśava) - addressing Lord Kṛṣṇa (O Keśava (a name of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - Keśava (epithet of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)

प्रतिभाति (pratibhāti) - appears, seems, shines forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pratibhā

Prefix: prati

Root: bhā (class 2)

मे (me) - to me (dative/genitive of 'I') (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Also genitive singular, but dative fits better here with 'pratibhāti'.

यत् (yat) - introduces a clause explaining the reason or content of 'more painful' (that, which, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here used as a conjunction 'that' or 'because'.

इमाः (imāḥ) - these (feminine plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

कुर्वते (kurvate) - they make, they do, they perform

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every

Note: Agrees with striyaḥ.

रूपम् (rūpam) - appearance or state (form, appearance, beauty, nature)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, appearance, shape, beauty

उच्चावचम् (uccāvacam) - changing, of different kinds (varied, diverse, high and low)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uccāvaca

uccāvaca - high and low, varied, diverse

Compound type : dvandva (ucca+avaca)

• ucca – high, elevated
  adjective
• avaca – low, depressed
  adjective

Note: Agrees with rūpam.

स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, wife, female

Note: Subject of kurvate.