महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-16, verse-16

दुःखोपहतचित्ताभिः समन्तादनुनादितम् ।
दृष्ट्वायोधनमत्युग्रं धर्मज्ञा सुबलात्मजा ॥१६॥

16. duḥkhopahatacittābhiḥ samantādanunāditam ,
dṛṣṭvāyodhanamatyugraṁ dharmajñā subalātmajā.

16. duḥkhopahatacittābhiḥ samantāt anunāditam dṛṣṭvā
āyodhanam ati ugram dharmajñā subalātmajā

16. dharmajñā subalātmajā duḥkhopahatacittābhiḥ
samantāt anunāditam ati ugram āyodhanam dṛṣṭvā

16. Gāndhārī (Subalātmajā), who understood (dharma), having seen that exceedingly dreadful battlefield, which was filled with the sounds of lamentation from women whose hearts were shattered by grief.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखोपहतचित्ताभिः (duḥkhopahatacittābhiḥ) - by the women whose hearts were shattered by grief (by those whose minds are afflicted by sorrow)

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - all around, from all sides

• अनुनादितम् (anunāditam) - filled with echoes/lamentation (resounded, made to echo, filled with sound)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having beheld

• आयोधनम् (āyodhanam) - battlefield, place of combat

• अति (ati) - exceedingly, very, too much

• उग्रम् (ugram) - terrible, dreadful, fierce

• धर्मज्ञा (dharmajñā) - who understood (dharma) (knower of (dharma), righteous)

• सुबलात्मजा (subalātmajā) - Gāndhārī (daughter of Subala (Gāndhārī))

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखोपहतचित्ताभिः (duḥkhopahatacittābhiḥ) - by the women whose hearts were shattered by grief (by those whose minds are afflicted by sorrow)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of duḥkhopahatacitta

duḥkhopahatacitta - whose mind is afflicted by sorrow

Bahuvrīhi compound: duḥkhena upahataṃ cittam yāsām tābhiḥ.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (duḥkha+upahata+citta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• upahata – afflicted, struck, damaged
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √han (to strike, to kill) with prefix upa-.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: han (class 2)
• citta – mind, thought, consciousness
  noun (neuter)

Note: describes the source of the lamentation

समन्तात् (samantāt) - all around, from all sides

(indeclinable)

Formed from `samanta` (all-sided) with the ablative suffix -tāt, used as an adverb.

अनुनादितम् (anunāditam) - filled with echoes/lamentation (resounded, made to echo, filled with sound)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anunādita

anunādita - echoed, made to resound

Past Passive Participle

From √nad (to sound, to roar) with prefixes anu- and ā-. Causative stem + -ita.

Prefixes: anu+ā

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: modifies `āyodhanam`

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having beheld

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: expresses prior action to the main verb (implied 'said' or 'thought' from next verse).

आयोधनम् (āyodhanam) - battlefield, place of combat

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āyodhana

āyodhana - battlefield, place of battle, combat

From √yudh (to fight) with prefix ā- and suffix -ana.

Prefix: ā

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: object of `dṛṣṭvā`

अति (ati) - exceedingly, very, too much

(indeclinable)

Preposition/prefix used as an adverb here.

उग्रम् (ugram) - terrible, dreadful, fierce

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - terrible, dreadful, fierce, violent, formidable

Neuter accusative singular.

Note: modifies `āyodhanam`

धर्मज्ञा (dharmajñā) - who understood (dharma) (knower of (dharma), righteous)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of (dharma), righteous, conversant with law/duty

Compound of dharma and jña (knower). Feminine nominative singular.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  From √jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: describes `subalātmajā`

सुबलात्मजा (subalātmajā) - Gāndhārī (daughter of Subala (Gāndhārī))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of subalātmajā

subalātmajā - daughter of Subala (Gāndhārī, wife of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Compound of Subala (name) and ātmajā (daughter). Feminine nominative singular.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (subala+ātmajā)

• subala – name of the king of Gāndhāra, father of Gāndhārī
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmajā – daughter
  noun (feminine)
  From ātman (self) + √jan (to be born) + feminine suffix ā. Literally 'self-born' or 'born of oneself'.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence (implied verb is in the next verse).