योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-80, verse-43

दुःखे कालः सुदीर्घो हि सुखे लघुतरः सदा ।
रात्रिर्द्वादशवर्षाणि हरिश्चन्द्रस्य चोदिता ॥ ४३ ॥

duḥkhe kālaḥ sudīrgho hi sukhe laghutaraḥ sadā ,
rātrirdvādaśavarṣāṇi hariścandrasya coditā 43

43. duḥkhe kālaḥ sudīrghaḥ hi sukhe laghutaraḥ sadā
rātriḥ dvādaśavarṣāṇi hariścandra-sya ca uditā

43. hi,
duḥkhe kālaḥ sudīrghaḥ (bhavati); sukhe sadā laghutaraḥ (bhavati).
ca hariścandra-sya rātriḥ dvādaśavarṣāṇi uditā (asti).

43. Indeed (hi), in sorrow (duḥkhe), time (kālaḥ) is very long (sudīrghaḥ), while in happiness (sukhe), it is always (sadā) much shorter (laghutaraḥ). For example, Hariścandra's night (rātriḥ) is said to have been (coditā) twelve years (dvādaśavarṣāṇi) long.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखे (duḥkhe) - in sorrow, in misery

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time

• सुदीर्घः (sudīrghaḥ) - very long, exceedingly long

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• सुखे (sukhe) - in happiness, in comfort

• लघुतरः (laghutaraḥ) - lighter, shorter, smaller (comparative)

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

• द्वादशवर्षाणि (dvādaśavarṣāṇi) - twelve years

• हरिश्चन्द्र-स्य (hariścandra-sya) - of Hariścandra

• च (ca) - and, also

• उदिता (uditā) - stated, declared, said to be

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखे (duḥkhe) - in sorrow, in misery

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

कालः (kālaḥ) - time

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, death

सुदीर्घः (sudīrghaḥ) - very long, exceedingly long

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudīrgha

sudīrgha - very long, very extended

Compound of 'su' (good, well, very) and 'dīrgha' (long).

Compound type : pra-ādi-samāsa (su+dīrgha)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating intensity or excellence.
• dīrgha – long, tall, extended
  adjective (masculine)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

सुखे (sukhe) - in happiness, in comfort

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, pleasure, comfort

लघुतरः (laghutaraḥ) - lighter, shorter, smaller (comparative)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of laghutara

laghutara - lighter, shorter, smaller (comparative of laghu)

Comparative form of 'laghu' (light, short, quick) using suffix '-tara'.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

द्वादशवर्षाणि (dvādaśavarṣāṇi) - twelve years

(noun)

neuter, plural of dvādaśavarṣa

dvādaśavarṣa - twelve years

Compound type : dvigu (dvādaśa+varṣa)

• dvādaśa – twelve
  numeral
• varṣa – year, rain, monsoon
  noun (neuter)
  Root: √vṛṣ (class 1)

हरिश्चन्द्र-स्य (hariścandra-sya) - of Hariścandra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of hariścandra

hariścandra - Hariścandra (a legendary righteous king)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उदिता (uditā) - stated, declared, said to be

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of udita

udita - said, declared, stated, risen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vad (to speak) with upasarga 'ud' (up).

Prefix: ud

Root: √vad (class 1)