योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-54, verse-8

कथमत्यन्तमुच्छ्रायं तृणगुल्मनरादिकम् ।
वस्तु नायात्यनिष्टेऽपि स्थिते स्वोच्छ्रायकारणे ॥ ८ ॥

kathamatyantamucchrāyaṃ tṛṇagulmanarādikam ,
vastu nāyātyaniṣṭe'pi sthite svocchrāyakāraṇe 8

8. katham atyantam ucchrāyam tṛṇagulmanarādikam
vastu na āyāti aniṣṭe api sthite svocchrāyakāraṇe

8. tṛṇagulmanarādikam vastu atyantam
ucchrāyam na āyāti katham?
aniṣṭe api svocchrāyakāraṇe
sthite [sati] [na āyāti katham]?

8. How is it that things like grass, shrubs, and humans do not always attain extreme growth, even when the cause for their full development (svocchrāyakāraṇa) is present, despite such cessation being undesirable?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

• अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - exceedingly, extremely

• उच्छ्रायम् (ucchrāyam) - growth, elevation, rising up

• तृणगुल्मनरादिकम् (tṛṇagulmanarādikam) - grass, shrubs, humans, and so forth

• वस्तु (vastu) - thing, object, substance, reality

• न (na) - not, no

• आयाति (āyāti) - comes, attains, happens

• अनिष्टे (aniṣṭe) - even when undesirable (i.e., cessation is undesirable) (undesirable, undesired)

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• स्थिते (sthite) - being present, existing, established

• स्वोच्छ्रायकारणे (svocchrāyakāraṇe) - in the cause of its own growth

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

(indeclinable)

अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - exceedingly, extremely

(indeclinable)

Compound of ati (over, beyond) + anta (end).

उच्छ्रायम् (ucchrāyam) - growth, elevation, rising up

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ucchrāya

ucchrāya - rising, growth, elevation, increase

From ud- + śrī (to rise, grow).

Prefix: ud

Root: śrī (class 1)

Note: Accusative used adverbially or as object of implied verb of reaching.

तृणगुल्मनरादिकम् (tṛṇagulmanarādikam) - grass, shrubs, humans, and so forth

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tṛṇagulmanarādika

tṛṇagulmanarādika - grass, shrubs, humans, etc.

Compound of tṛṇa, gulma, nara, and ādika.

Compound type : dvandva-tatpurusha (tṛṇa+gulma+nara+ādika)

• tṛṇa – grass, blade of grass, straw
  noun (neuter)
• gulma – shrub, bush, cluster of plants
  noun (masculine)
• nara – man, human being, person
  noun (masculine)
• ādika – beginning with, and so forth, etc.
  adjective (masculine)
  From ādi + ka (suffix).

वस्तु (vastu) - thing, object, substance, reality

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vastu

vastu - thing, object, substance, article, matter

Root: vas (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आयाति (āyāti) - comes, attains, happens

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āyā

present active indicative

3rd person singular, present tense, active voice.

Prefix: ā

Root: i (class 2)

अनिष्टे (aniṣṭe) - even when undesirable (i.e., cessation is undesirable) (undesirable, undesired)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of aniṣṭa

aniṣṭa - undesirable, unpleasant, evil, harmful; not wished for

From a- (negation) + iṣṭa (desired, wished for). Past Passive Participle of root iṣ (to wish) with negation.

Prefix: a

Root: iṣ (class 4)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

स्थिते (sthite) - being present, existing, established

(participle)

Locative, neuter, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, existing, present, established, situated

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction.

स्वोच्छ्रायकारणे (svocchrāyakāraṇe) - in the cause of its own growth

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of svocchrāyakāraṇa

svocchrāyakāraṇa - the cause of one's own growth or elevation

Compound of sva, ucchrāya, and kāraṇa.

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+ucchrāya+kāraṇa)

• sva – own, one's own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• ucchrāya – rising, growth, elevation, increase
  noun (masculine)
  From ud- + śrī (to rise, grow).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: śrī (class 1)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ (to do) + ana (suffix).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)