योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-54, verse-45

पततीव नभोमार्गात्तृणावर्त इवार्पितः ।
रथे द्रुत इवारूढो हिँमवद्गलनोन्मुखः ॥ ४५ ॥

patatīva nabhomārgāttṛṇāvarta ivārpitaḥ ,
rathe druta ivārūḍho hiṃmavadgalanonmukhaḥ 45

45. patati iva nabhomārgāt tṛṇāvartaḥ iva arpitaḥ
rathe drutaḥ iva ārūḍhaḥ himavat galanonmukhaḥ

45. patati iva nabhomārgāt tṛṇāvartaḥ iva arpitaḥ
rathe drutaḥ iva ārūḍhaḥ himavat galanonmukhaḥ

45. As if falling from the sky's path, as if seized by a whirlwind, as if swiftly mounted on a chariot, he was on the verge of melting like a snowy mountain.

Words meanings summery:

• पतति (patati) - falls, is falling

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• नभोमार्गात् (nabhomārgāt) - from the path of the sky

• तृणावर्तः (tṛṇāvartaḥ) - a whirlwind of grass/straw

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• अर्पितः (arpitaḥ) - swept up, seized, caught by (placed, fixed, offered, committed)

• रथे (rathe) - on the chariot, in the chariot

• द्रुतः (drutaḥ) - swift, quick, hurried

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• आरूढः (ārūḍhaḥ) - mounted, ascended, ridden

• हिमवत् (himavat) - like the Himalayas, a snowy mountain (snowy, like snow, having snow (referring to mountains))

• गलनोन्मुखः (galanonmukhaḥ) - facing melting, on the verge of melting

Words meanings and morphology

पतति (patati) - falls, is falling

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Present Active Indicative

3rd person singular, present tense, active voice.

Root: pat (class 1)

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

नभोमार्गात् (nabhomārgāt) - from the path of the sky

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of nabhomārga

nabhomārga - path in the sky, sky-path, air route

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'nabhas' (sky) + 'mārga' (path). The 's' of 'nabhas' converts to 'o' before 'm'.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (nabhas+mārga)

• nabhas – sky, atmosphere, heaven, space
  noun (neuter)
• mārga – path, road, way, course
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'mṛj' (to cleanse, go, travel).
  Root: mṛj (class 2)

तृणावर्तः (tṛṇāvartaḥ) - a whirlwind of grass/straw

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tṛṇāvarta

tṛṇāvarta - a whirlwind of grass or straw

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'tṛṇa' (grass) + 'āvarta' (whirlpool, whirlwind).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (tṛṇa+āvarta)

• tṛṇa – grass, straw, blade of grass
  noun (neuter)
• āvarta – whirlpool, eddy, whirlwind, circle
  noun (masculine)
  From 'ā' (towards, around) + root 'vṛt' (to turn).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

अर्पितः (arpitaḥ) - swept up, seized, caught by (placed, fixed, offered, committed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arpita

arpita - placed, fixed, delivered, offered, entrusted

Past Passive Participle

From the causative of root 'ṛ' (to go, move), meaning 'to cause to go/place'.

Root: ṛ (class 1)

रथे (rathe) - on the chariot, in the chariot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

द्रुतः (drutaḥ) - swift, quick, hurried

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of druta

druta - run, flowed, fled, swift, quick, hurried

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dru' (to run, flow).

Root: dru (class 1)

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

आरूढः (ārūḍhaḥ) - mounted, ascended, ridden

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārūḍha

ārūḍha - mounted, ascended, risen, ridden

Past Passive Participle

From 'ā' (on, upon) + root 'ruh' (to ascend, mount).

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

हिमवत् (himavat) - like the Himalayas, a snowy mountain (snowy, like snow, having snow (referring to mountains))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of himavat

himavat - snowy, covered with snow, frigid; the Himalayas (as a noun)

Derived from 'hima' (snow) + '-vat' (possessive suffix, 'having').

गलनोन्मुखः (galanonmukhaḥ) - facing melting, on the verge of melting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of galanonmukha

galanonmukha - facing melting, inclined to melt, on the verge of dissolution

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'galana' (melting) + 'unmukha' (facing, inclined towards).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (galana+unmukha)

• galana – melting, dripping, oozing, falling
  noun (neuter)
  Verbal noun
  Derived from root 'gal' (to drop, melt, flow).
  Root: gal (class 1)
• unmukha – facing, having the face turned towards, intent on, inclined to
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'ud' (upwards, forth) + 'mukha' (face).
  Prefix: ud