योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-54, verse-37

धारणा यस्य नाभ्यासं प्राप्ता नैव च युक्तिमान् ।
मूर्खः स्वमृतिकालेऽसौ दुःखमेत्यवशाशयः ॥ ३७ ॥

dhāraṇā yasya nābhyāsaṃ prāptā naiva ca yuktimān ,
mūrkhaḥ svamṛtikāle'sau duḥkhametyavaśāśayaḥ 37

37. dhāraṇā yasya na abhyāsam prāptā na eva ca yuktimān
| mūrkhaḥ svamṛtikāle asau duḥkham eti avaśāśayaḥ ||

37. yasya dhāraṇā abhyāsam na prāptā,
ca na eva yuktimān asau mūrkhaḥ svamṛtikāle avaśāśayaḥ duḥkham eti

37. That ignorant person, whose concentration (dhāraṇā) has not been mastered and who is not at all discerning, experiences suffering at the time of his own death, having an uncontrolled mind.

Words meanings summery:

• धारणा (dhāraṇā) - concentration, holding, steadying the mind, a stage of yoga (dhāraṇā)

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom, of which

• न (na) - not, no

• अभ्यासम् (abhyāsam) - practice, training, study

• प्राप्ता (prāptā) - attained (feminine, agreeing with 'dhāraṇā') (obtained, attained, reached)

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, exactly

• च (ca) - and, also

• युक्तिमान् (yuktimān) - wise, discerning, possessed of reason/logic

• मूर्खः (mūrkhaḥ) - ignorant, foolish, a fool

• स्वमृतिकाले (svamṛtikāle) - at the time of one's own death

• असौ (asau) - that (referring to 'mūrkhaḥ') (that one (masculine/feminine nominative singular of adas))

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, pain

• एति (eti) - experiences (goes, comes, attains, experiences)

• अवशाशयः (avaśāśayaḥ) - having an uncontrolled mind (whose mind is uncontrolled, helpless, powerless (due to uncontrolled mind))

Words meanings and morphology

धारणा (dhāraṇā) - concentration, holding, steadying the mind, a stage of yoga (dhāraṇā)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dhāraṇā

dhāraṇā - concentration, holding, steadying the mind, a stage of yoga (dhāraṇā)

From root dhṛ (to hold, support) + -ana + ā.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'prāptā'.

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom, of which

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

Note: Modifies 'dhāraṇā' (whose concentration).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अभ्यासम् (abhyāsam) - practice, training, study

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhyāsa

abhyāsa - practice, exercise, study, repetition

From abhi-√as (to throw, practice) + -a suffix.

Prefix: abhi

Root: as (class 4)

प्राप्ता (prāptā) - attained (feminine, agreeing with 'dhāraṇā') (obtained, attained, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, attained, acquired

Past Passive Participle

From pra-√āp (to obtain, reach)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Functions as part of a passive construction meaning 'has attained'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, exactly

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two negated conditions.

युक्तिमान् (yuktimān) - wise, discerning, possessed of reason/logic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuktimat

yuktimat - possessing reason, logical, wise, discerning

From yukti (reason, logic) + -mat (possessive suffix)

Note: Agrees with implied 'saḥ' (he, referring to 'mūrkhaḥ').

मूर्खः (mūrkhaḥ) - ignorant, foolish, a fool

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūrkha

mūrkha - ignorant, foolish, stupid; a fool, an ignorant person

From root murch (to become senseless).

Root: murch (class 1)

Note: The main subject of the second half of the verse.

स्वमृतिकाले (svamṛtikāle) - at the time of one's own death

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of svamṛtikāla

svamṛtikāla - time of one's own death

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+mṛti+kāla)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun/adjective
• mṛti – death, dying
  noun (feminine)
  From root mṛ (to die).
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)

असौ (asau) - that (referring to 'mūrkhaḥ') (that one (masculine/feminine nominative singular of adas))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, yonder

Irregular demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'mūrkhaḥ'.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, pain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow; difficult, painful, sorrowful

एति (eti) - experiences (goes, comes, attains, experiences)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i

Present tense, third person singular, active voice

From root i (to go).

Root: i (class 2)

अवशाशयः (avaśāśayaḥ) - having an uncontrolled mind (whose mind is uncontrolled, helpless, powerless (due to uncontrolled mind))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avaśāśaya

avaśāśaya - having an uncontrolled mind/intention, helpless, powerless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (avaśa+āśaya)

• avaśa – not under control, powerless, helpless, independent
  adjective
  From a (negation) + vaśa (control)
  Prefix: a
  Root: vaś (class 1)
• āśaya – intention, mind, disposition, abode
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-√śī (to lie, rest) or ā-√śri (to resort to).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śī (class 2)