योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-54, verse-69

कोऽद्ययावन्मृतं ब्रूहि चेतनं कस्य किं कथम् ।
म्रियन्ते देहलक्षाणि चेतनं स्थितमक्षयम् ॥ ६९ ॥

ko'dyayāvanmṛtaṃ brūhi cetanaṃ kasya kiṃ katham ,
mriyante dehalakṣāṇi cetanaṃ sthitamakṣayam 69

69. kaḥ adya-yāvat mṛtam brūhi cetanam kasya kim katham
mriyante deha-lakṣāṇi cetanam sthitam akṣayam

69. brūhi kaḥ adya-yāvat mṛtam cetanam kasya kim katham
deha-lakṣāṇi mriyante cetanam akṣayam sthitam

69. Tell me, who, what, or how has a conscious (cetana) being died until today, or whose (consciousness has died)? Hundreds of thousands of bodies (deha) die, but the conscious (cetana) being remains imperishable (akṣaya).

69. אמור לי, מי ראה אי פעם תודעה מתה? של מי, מה וכיצד? מאות אלפי גופים מתים, אך התודעה נותרת בלתי נכחדת.

Words meanings summery:

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• अद्य-यावत् (adya-yāvat) - until today, up to now

• मृतम् (mṛtam) - dead, deceased

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, say, speak

• चेतनम् (cetanam) - the conscious being, consciousness

• कस्य (kasya) - (whose consciousness has died?) (whose, of what, of whom)

• किम् (kim) - (what kind of conscious being?) (what? why?)

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• म्रियन्ते (mriyante) - they die, are dying

• देह-लक्षाणि (deha-lakṣāṇi) - hundreds of thousands of bodies, countless bodies

• चेतनम् (cetanam) - the conscious being, consciousness

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - remains, stands, is situated

• अक्षयम् (akṣayam) - imperishable, undecaying, indestructible

Words meanings and morphology

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(interrogative pronoun)

अद्य-यावत् (adya-yāvat) - until today, up to now

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'adya' (today) and 'yāvat' (as far as, until)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (adya+yāvat)

• adya – today
  indeclinable
• yāvat – as long as, as far as, until
  indeclinable

मृतम् (mṛtam) - dead, deceased

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased, died

Past Passive Participle

From root 'mṛ'

Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'cetanam'

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, say, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

चेतनम् (cetanam) - the conscious being, consciousness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cetana

cetana - conscious, sentient, intelligence, consciousness

From root 'cit'

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Used as the object of 'mṛtam' (what is dead? the conscious being).

कस्य (kasya) - (whose consciousness has died?) (whose, of what, of whom)

(interrogative pronoun)

किम् (kim) - (what kind of conscious being?) (what? why?)

(interrogative pronoun)

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

म्रियन्ते (mriyante) - they die, are dying

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of mṛ

Root: mṛ (class 1)

देह-लक्षाणि (deha-lakṣāṇi) - hundreds of thousands of bodies, countless bodies

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of deha-lakṣa

deha-lakṣa - a hundred thousand bodies, countless bodies

Compound type : tatpurusha (deha+lakṣa)

• deha – body, form, mass
  noun (masculine)
• lakṣa – a hundred thousand
  noun (neuter)

चेतनम् (cetanam) - the conscious being, consciousness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cetana

cetana - conscious, sentient, intelligence, consciousness

From root 'cit'

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Used as the subject of 'sthitam'.

स्थितम् (sthitam) - remains, stands, is situated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated, remaining, existing

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sthā'

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'cetanam'.

अक्षयम् (akṣayam) - imperishable, undecaying, indestructible

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akṣaya

akṣaya - imperishable, undecaying, indestructible

Negated compound: 'a' (not) + 'kṣaya' (decay, destruction)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣaya)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• kṣaya – decay, destruction, loss
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kṣi'
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'cetanam'.

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