योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-54, verse-5

भावाभावेषु भावानां कथं नियतिरागता ।
कथं भूयोऽप्यनियतिर्मृतिजन्मादिसूचिता ॥ ५ ॥

bhāvābhāveṣu bhāvānāṃ kathaṃ niyatirāgatā ,
kathaṃ bhūyo'pyaniyatirmṛtijanmādisūcitā 5

5. bhāvābhāveṣu bhāvānāṃ kathaṃ niyatiḥ āgatā
kathaṃ bhūyaḥ api aniyatiḥ mṛtijanmādisūcitā

5. bhāvānāṃ bhāvābhāveṣu kathaṃ niyatiḥ āgatā?
bhūyaḥ api kathaṃ mṛtijanmādisūcitā aniyatiḥ?

5. How does a fixed order (niyati) arise for entities in their states of existence and non-existence? And how, furthermore, is there an unfixed order (aniyati), indicated by death, birth, and so on?

Words meanings summery:

• भावाभावेषु (bhāvābhāveṣu) - Referring to the alternating states of manifestation and dissolution for all phenomena. (in existences and non-existences, in being and non-being)

• भावानां (bhāvānāṁ) - Referring to all phenomena, things, or living beings. (of beings, of entities, of existences)

• कथं (kathaṁ) - An interrogative adverb seeking to understand the mechanism or reason. (how?)

• नियतिः (niyatiḥ) - The concept of an unchangeable, predetermined cosmic law or order. (fixed order, destiny, fate, necessity)

• आगता (āgatā) - How does a fixed order 'come into being' or 'manifest' for these entities? (come, arrived, occurred)

• कथं (kathaṁ) - An interrogative adverb, reiterating the question for the contrasting concept. (how?)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - Introducing a second, contrasting question about a different kind of order. (again, moreover, further)

• अपि (api) - Emphasizes the addition of the second, seemingly contradictory, aspect. (also, even, moreover)

• अनियतिः (aniyatiḥ) - The concept of an unpredictable or chaotic order, contrasting with `niyati`. (unfixed order, irregularity, randomness, lack of destiny)

• मृतिजन्मादिसूचिता (mṛtijanmādisūcitā) - The variable and cyclical nature of death and birth serves as an example or sign of this unfixed order. (indicated by death, birth, etc.)

Words meanings and morphology

भावाभावेषु (bhāvābhāveṣu) - Referring to the alternating states of manifestation and dissolution for all phenomena. (in existences and non-existences, in being and non-being)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bhāvābhāva

bhāvābhāva - existence and non-existence, being and non-being

Dvandva compound of `bhāva` and `abhāva`.

Compound type : dvandva (bhāva+abhāva)

• bhāva – existence, being, state, sentiment, entity
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `bhū`.
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• abhāva – non-existence, absence, negation
  noun (masculine)
  Negation of `bhāva`.
  Prefix: a

भावानां (bhāvānāṁ) - Referring to all phenomena, things, or living beings. (of beings, of entities, of existences)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhāva

bhāva - existence, being, state, sentiment, entity

Derived from root `bhū`.

Root: bhū (class 1)

कथं (kathaṁ) - An interrogative adverb seeking to understand the mechanism or reason. (how?)

(indeclinable)

नियतिः (niyatiḥ) - The concept of an unchangeable, predetermined cosmic law or order. (fixed order, destiny, fate, necessity)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of niyati

niyati - fixed order, destiny, fate, necessity, restriction

Derived from root `yam` (to control, restrain) with prefix `ni`.

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

आगता (āgatā) - How does a fixed order 'come into being' or 'manifest' for these entities? (come, arrived, occurred)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, happened, occurred

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `gam` with prefix `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used as a predicative adjective, implying 'has come'.

कथं (kathaṁ) - An interrogative adverb, reiterating the question for the contrasting concept. (how?)

(indeclinable)

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - Introducing a second, contrasting question about a different kind of order. (again, moreover, further)

(indeclinable)

Comparative form of `bahu` (much).

अपि (api) - Emphasizes the addition of the second, seemingly contradictory, aspect. (also, even, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अनियतिः (aniyatiḥ) - The concept of an unpredictable or chaotic order, contrasting with `niyati`. (unfixed order, irregularity, randomness, lack of destiny)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of aniyati

aniyati - unfixed order, irregularity, lack of destiny, freedom from restriction

Negation of `niyati`.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+niyati)

• a – negation, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• niyati – fixed order, destiny, fate, necessity
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root `yam` with prefix `ni`.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)

मृतिजन्मादिसूचिता (mṛtijanmādisūcitā) - The variable and cyclical nature of death and birth serves as an example or sign of this unfixed order. (indicated by death, birth, etc.)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mṛtijanmādisūcita

mṛtijanmādisūcita - indicated or marked by death, birth, and so on

Compound adjective describing `aniyati`.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mṛti+janma+ādi+sūcita)

• mṛti – death, dying
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root `mṛ`.
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• janma – birth, origin, existence
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root `jan`.
  Root: jan (class 4)
• ādi – beginning, and so on, et cetera
  indeclinable
• sūcita – indicated, shown, pointed out
  adjective (masculine, feminine, neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `sūc`.
  Root: sūc (class 10)

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