वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-63, verse-23

रामस्तु व्यथितं श्रुत्वा वालिपुत्रं महाहवे ।
व्यादिदेश हरिश्रेष्ठाञ्जाम्बवत्प्रमुखांस्ततः ॥२३॥

23. rāmastu vyathitaṃ śrutvā vāliputraṃ mahāhave ,
vyādideśa hariśreṣṭhāñjāmbavatpramukhāṃstataḥ.

23. rāmaḥ tu vyathitam śrutvā vāliputram mahāhave
vyādideśa hariśreṣṭhān jāmbavatpramukhān tataḥ

23. rāmaḥ tu mahāhave vyathitam vāliputram śrutvā
tataḥ jāmbavatpramukhān hariśreṣṭhān vyādideśa

23. But Rāma, having heard that Vālī's son [Angada] was wounded in the great battle, then commanded the chief monkeys, led by Jāmbavat.

Words meanings summery:

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• व्यथितम् (vyathitam) - pained, wounded, agitated

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• वालिपुत्रम् (vāliputram) - Angada (son of Vālī)

• महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle

• व्यादिदेश (vyādideśa) - he commanded, he ordered, he instructed

• हरिश्रेष्ठान् (hariśreṣṭhān) - the best of the monkeys, chief monkeys

• जाम्बवत्प्रमुखान् (jāmbavatpramukhān) - led by Jāmbavat, with Jāmbavat as chief

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, thereupon

Words meanings and morphology

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of a Hindu deity, hero of Rāmāyaṇa)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vyādideśa'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

व्यथितम् (vyathitam) - pained, wounded, agitated

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - pained, troubled, agitated

past passive participle

Derived from root 'vyath' + 'kta' suffix.

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vāliputram'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'śru' (to hear) + 'ktvā' suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Governs 'vāliputram'.

वालिपुत्रम् (vāliputram) - Angada (son of Vālī)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāliputra

vāliputra - son of Vālī

Compound type : tatpurusha (vālī+putra)

• vālī – Vālī (king of Kishkindha)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāhava

mahāhava - great battle, mighty war

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+hava)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
  Feminine stem of 'mahat'.
• hava – battle, war, call, summons
  noun (masculine)
  From 'hu' (to call).
  Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Place where Angada was wounded.

व्यादिदेश (vyādideśa) - he commanded, he ordered, he instructed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vyādideś

perfect active (liṭ)

Reduplicated perfect, 3rd person singular, from 'vi' + 'ā' + 'diś' (to show, instruct).

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

हरिश्रेष्ठान् (hariśreṣṭhān) - the best of the monkeys, chief monkeys

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hariśreṣṭha

hariśreṣṭha - best of monkeys, chief of monkeys

Compound type : tatpurusha (hari+śreṣṭha)

• hari – monkey, lion, Viṣṇu
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Superlative of 'praśasya' (praiseworthy).

Note: Object of 'vyādideśa'.

जाम्बवत्प्रमुखान् (jāmbavatpramukhān) - led by Jāmbavat, with Jāmbavat as chief

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jāmbavatpramukha

jāmbavatpramukha - having Jāmbavat as chief/leader, led by Jāmbavat

Compound type : bahuvrihi (jāmbavat+pramukha)

• jāmbavat – Jāmbavat (name of a king of bears/vanaras)
  proper noun (masculine)
  'vat' suffix meaning 'possessed of'.
• pramukha – chief, foremost, leading
  adjective/noun (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  'pra' (forth, forward) + 'mukha' (face, mouth).
  Prefix: pra

Note: Qualifies 'hariśreṣṭhān'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix '-tas' on 'tad'.