वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-2, verse-8

स तस्मिन्नचले तिष्ठन् वनान्युपवनानि च ।
स नगाग्रे च तां लङ्कां ददर्श पवनात्मजः ॥८॥

8. sa tasminnacale tiṣṭhan vanānyupavanāni ca ,
sa nagāgre ca tāṃ laṅkāṃ dadarśa pavanātmajaḥ.

8. saḥ tasmin acale tiṣṭhan vanāni upavanāni ca |
saḥ naga agre ca tām laṅkām dadarśa pavana ātmajaḥ

8. saḥ pavana-ātmajaḥ tasmin acale tiṣṭhan vanāni upavanāni ca dadarśa.
saḥ naga-agre ca tām laṅkām dadarśa

8. Standing on that mountain, Hanumān, the son of the wind (pavanātmaja), saw the forests and groves. From the mountain peak, he then beheld that city of Laṅkā.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Hanumān (he, that)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - on that, in that

• अचले (acale) - The particular mountain upon which Hanumān landed or was standing to observe Laṅkā. (on the mountain, on the immovable one)

• तिष्ठन् (tiṣṭhan) - Hanumān standing on the mountain. (standing, staying, being situated)

• वनानि (vanāni) - forests, woods, groves

• उपवनानि (upavanāni) - groves, pleasure gardens, small forests

• च (ca) - and, also

• सः (saḥ) - Hanumān (repetition of subject for clarity) (he, that)

• नग (naga) - mountain (part of 'mountain peak') (mountain, tree)

• अग्रे (agre) - on the peak (on the top, at the front, in front of)

• च (ca) - and, also

• ताम् (tām) - that (Laṅkā) (that (feminine))

• लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - the city of Laṅkā (to Laṅkā)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

• पवन (pavana) - The deity Vāyu, father of Hanumān. (wind, air)

• आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - Son (of Pavana). (son, born from oneself)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Hanumān (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - on that, in that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'acale'.

अचले (acale) - The particular mountain upon which Hanumān landed or was standing to observe Laṅkā. (on the mountain, on the immovable one)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of acala

acala - immovable; mountain

compound a + cala

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+cala)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• cala – moving, shaking, unsteady
  adjective (masculine)
  from root cal
  Root: cal (class 1)

तिष्ठन् (tiṣṭhan) - Hanumān standing on the mountain. (standing, staying, being situated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthā

sthā - to stand, stay, remain

present active participle

from root sthā, 1st conjugation

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective describing the subject (saḥ).

वनानि (vanāni) - forests, woods, groves

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Object of 'dadarśa' indirectly, as part of the view.

उपवनानि (upavanāni) - groves, pleasure gardens, small forests

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of upavana

upavana - grove, pleasure garden, small forest

compound upa + vana

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upa+vana)

• upa – near, beside, secondary
  indeclinable
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'dadarśa' indirectly.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects vanāni and upavanāni.

सः (saḥ) - Hanumān (repetition of subject for clarity) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used to introduce the next part of the action.

नग (naga) - mountain (part of 'mountain peak') (mountain, tree)

(noun)

masculine, singular of naga

naga - mountain, tree (lit. that which does not move)

Note: First part of the compound 'nagāgre' (naga + agre).

अग्रे (agre) - on the peak (on the top, at the front, in front of)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of agra

agra - top, peak, front, tip

Note: Second part of the compound 'nagāgre' (naga + agre). This forms a locative tatpuruṣa compound.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects viewing forests/groves with viewing Laṅkā.

ताम् (tām) - that (Laṅkā) (that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'laṅkām'.

लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - the city of Laṅkā (to Laṅkā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Laṅkā (name of the capital of Rāvaṇa)

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

perfect tense, parasmaipada

reduplication, 3rd singular

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पवन (pavana) - The deity Vāyu, father of Hanumān. (wind, air)

(noun)

masculine, singular of pavana

pavana - wind, air, purifier

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: First part of the compound 'pavanātmajaḥ'.

आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - Son (of Pavana). (son, born from oneself)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - son, daughter; born from oneself

compound ātman + ja

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Second part of the compound 'pavanātmajaḥ'.