वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-2, verse-18

गिरिमूर्ध्नि स्थितां लङ्कां पाण्डुरैर्भवनैः शुभैः ।
ददर्श स कपिः श्रीमान्पुरमाकाशगं यथा ॥१८॥

18. girimūrdhni sthitāṃ laṅkāṃ pāṇḍurairbhavanaiḥ śubhaiḥ ,
dadarśa sa kapiḥ śrīmānpuramākāśagaṃ yathā.

18. giri-mūrdhni sthitām laṅkām pāṇḍuraiḥ bhavanaiḥ
śubhaiḥ dadarśa saḥ kapiḥ śrīmān puram ākāśa-gam yathā

18. saḥ śrīmān kapiḥ giri-mūrdhni sthitām śubhaiḥ pāṇḍuraiḥ
bhavanaiḥ laṅkām ākāśa-gam puram yathā dadarśa

18. That glorious monkey (kapi) saw Lankā situated on a mountain peak, with beautiful white mansions, like a city moving in the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• गिरि-मूर्ध्नि (giri-mūrdhni) - on the mountain peak

• स्थिताम् (sthitām) - situated, standing

• लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - Lankā

• पाण्डुरैः (pāṇḍuraiḥ) - by white (mansions)

• भवनैः (bhavanaiḥ) - by mansions, by dwellings

• शुभैः (śubhaiḥ) - by beautiful (mansions), by auspicious (mansions)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• कपिः (kapiḥ) - monkey (kapi) (monkey)

• श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious, splendid

• पुरम् (puram) - city, town

• आकाश-गम् (ākāśa-gam) - moving in the sky, sky-going

• यथा (yathā) - as, like, in which way

Words meanings and morphology

गिरि-मूर्ध्नि (giri-mūrdhni) - on the mountain peak

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of giri-mūrdhan

giri-mūrdhan - mountain peak, summit of a mountain

Compound type : tatpurusha (giri+mūrdhan)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gṛ
• mūrdhan – head, top, peak, summit
  noun (masculine)

स्थिताम् (sthitām) - situated, standing

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sthita

sthita - situated, standing, placed, present

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies laṅkām.

लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - Lankā

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Lankā (the capital city of Rāvaṇa, located on an island)

Note: Direct object of dadarśa.

पाण्डुरैः (pāṇḍuraiḥ) - by white (mansions)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of pāṇḍura

pāṇḍura - whitish, pale, white

Note: Modifies bhavanaiḥ.

भवनैः (bhavanaiḥ) - by mansions, by dwellings

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of bhavana

bhavana - dwelling, house, mansion, palace

From root bhū (to be, to exist, to become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Describes Lankā, 'with' these mansions.

शुभैः (śubhaiḥ) - by beautiful (mansions), by auspicious (mansions)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of śubha

śubha - beautiful, auspicious, splendid, bright

Root: śubh

Note: Modifies bhavanaiḥ.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of dṛś

Perfect (Lit) 3rd person singular

Reduplicated past tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Hanumān.

कपिः (kapiḥ) - monkey (kapi) (monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapi

kapi - monkey, ape

Note: Subject of dadarśa.

श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious, splendid

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīmat

śrīmat - glorious, splendid, prosperous, fortunate, beautiful

Possessive suffix mat added to śrī (glory, prosperity).

Note: Modifies kapiḥ.

पुरम् (puram) - city, town

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, town, fortress

Note: Object of comparison, compared to laṅkām.

आकाश-गम् (ākāśa-gam) - moving in the sky, sky-going

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ākāśa-ga

ākāśa-ga - moving in the sky, flying in the air

Formed from ākāśa (sky) and ga (going, moving).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ākāśa+ga)

• ākāśa – sky, ether, space
  noun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving, situated in
  adjective
  From root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies puram.

यथा (yathā) - as, like, in which way

(indeclinable)