वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-2, verse-16

काञ्चनेनावृतां रम्यां प्राकारेण महापुरीम् ।
अट्टालकशताकीर्णां पताकाध्वजमालिनीम् ॥१६॥

16. kāñcanenāvṛtāṃ ramyāṃ prākāreṇa mahāpurīm ,
aṭṭālakaśatākīrṇāṃ patākādhvajamālinīm.

16. kāñcanena āvṛtām ramyām prākāreṇa mahāpurīm
aṭṭālakśatākīrṇām patākādhvajamālinīm

16. ramyām kāñcanena prākāreṇa āvṛtām
aṭṭālakśatākīrṇām patākādhvajamālinīm mahāpurīm

16. [He saw] the beautiful great city, surrounded by a golden wall, teeming with hundreds of watchtowers, and adorned with lines of banners and flags.

Words meanings summery:

• काञ्चनेन (kāñcanena) - by gold, by a golden object/material

• आवृताम् (āvṛtām) - covered, surrounded, enveloped

• रम्याम् (ramyām) - beautiful, delightful

• प्राकारेण (prākāreṇa) - by a rampart, by a wall

• महापुरीम् (mahāpurīm) - the great city

• अट्टालक्शताकीर्णाम् (aṭṭālakśatākīrṇām) - filled with hundreds of watchtowers

• पताकाध्वजमालिनीम् (patākādhvajamālinīm) - adorned with garlands/lines of banners and flags

Words meanings and morphology

काञ्चनेन (kāñcanena) - by gold, by a golden object/material

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kāñcana

kāñcana - gold, golden, made of gold

From 'kañcana' (gold) with 'aṇ' suffix.

Note: Describes the material of 'prākāreṇa'.

आवृताम् (āvṛtām) - covered, surrounded, enveloped

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, surrounded, enveloped, concealed

Past Passive Participle

From 'ā-' (towards, around) + root √vṛ (to cover, surround) + 'kta' suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Adjective for 'mahāpurīm'.

रम्याम् (ramyām) - beautiful, delightful

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ramya

ramya - beautiful, delightful, charming, pleasant

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root √ram (to enjoy, delight) with 'ya' suffix.

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Adjective for 'mahāpurīm'.

प्राकारेण (prākāreṇa) - by a rampart, by a wall

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prākāra

prākāra - rampart, wall, fence, enclosure

From 'prā-' + √kṛ (to make).

Prefix: prā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agent/instrument of 'āvṛtām'.

महापुरीम् (mahāpurīm) - the great city

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahāpurī

mahāpurī - great city, capital city

mahā (great) + purī (city).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+purī)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  From 'mahat'.
• purī – city, town, fortress
  noun (feminine)
  Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Direct object.

अट्टालक्शताकीर्णाम् (aṭṭālakśatākīrṇām) - filled with hundreds of watchtowers

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aṭṭālakśatākīrṇa

aṭṭālakśatākīrṇa - filled/crowded with hundreds of watchtowers

Compound.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (aṭṭālaka+śata+ākīrṇa)

• aṭṭālaka – watchtower, turret, bastion
  noun (masculine)
• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)
• ākīrṇa – filled, crowded, covered
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'ā-' (towards) + root √kīr (to scatter, spread) + 'kta' suffix.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kīr (class 6)

Note: Adjective for 'mahāpurīm'.

पताकाध्वजमालिनीम् (patākādhvajamālinīm) - adorned with garlands/lines of banners and flags

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of patākādhvajamālinī

patākādhvajamālinī - having garlands of banners and flags, adorned with rows of banners and flags

Compound. From 'patākā' (banner) + 'dhvaja' (flag) + 'mālinī' (garlanded, having a row/line).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (patākā+dhvaja+mālinī)

• patākā – banner, flag, standard
  noun (feminine)
  Root: pat (class 1)
• dhvaja – flag, banner, standard
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhvaj (class 1)
• mālinī – adorned with garlands, having garlands/rows
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine form of 'mālin' (garlanded, having a garland/row), from 'mālā' (garland, row).

Note: Adjective for 'mahāpurīm'.