वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-2, verse-20

संपूर्णां राक्षसैर्घोरैर्नागैर्भोगवतीमिव ।
अचिन्त्यां सुकृतां स्पष्टां कुबेराध्युषितां पुरा ॥२०॥

20. saṃpūrṇāṃ rākṣasairghorairnāgairbhogavatīmiva ,
acintyāṃ sukṛtāṃ spaṣṭāṃ kuberādhyuṣitāṃ purā.

20. sampūrṇām rākṣasaiḥ ghoraiḥ nāgaiḥ bhogavatīm
iva acintyām sukṛtām spaṣṭām kuberādhyuṣitām purā

20. sampūrṇām ghoraiḥ rākṣasaiḥ nāgaiḥ bhogavatīm
iva acintyām sukṛtām spaṣṭām purā kuberādhyuṣitām

20. (He saw Lankā) full of terrifying rākṣasas (rākṣasa), like Bhogavatī (the city of nāgas) with its serpents (nāga), inconceivable, well-built, clearly laid out, and formerly inhabited by Kubera.

Words meanings summery:

• सम्पूर्णाम् (sampūrṇām) - full, complete

• राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by rākṣasas (rākṣasa) (by rākṣasas, with rākṣasas)

• घोरैः (ghoraiḥ) - by terrifying (ones), by dreadful (ones)

• नागैः (nāgaiḥ) - by serpents (nāga) (by serpents, by nāgas)

• भोगवतीम् (bhogavatīm) - Bhogavatī (the capital city of the nāgas) (Bhogavatī (city of nāgas))

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• अचिन्त्याम् (acintyām) - inconceivable, unimaginable

• सुकृताम् (sukṛtām) - well-built, well-made

• स्पष्टाम् (spaṣṭām) - clear, distinct, evident

• कुबेराध्युषिताम् (kuberādhyuṣitām) - inhabited by Kubera

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in ancient times

Words meanings and morphology

सम्पूर्णाम् (sampūrṇām) - full, complete

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sampūrṇa

sampūrṇa - full, complete, abundant

Past Passive Participle

From root pṛ (to fill) with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: pṛ

Note: Modifies implicit laṅkām or purīm.

राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by rākṣasas (rākṣasa) (by rākṣasas, with rākṣasas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - rākṣasa, demon, evil spirit

Note: Used with sampūrṇām to indicate "full of".

घोरैः (ghoraiḥ) - by terrifying (ones), by dreadful (ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ghora

ghora - terrifying, dreadful, formidable, awful

Root: ghṛ

Note: Modifies rākṣasaiḥ.

नागैः (nāgaiḥ) - by serpents (nāga) (by serpents, by nāgas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - serpent, snake, cobra; elephant; a class of semi-divine beings (serpent-demons)

From naga (mountain) by addition of aṇ suffix.

Note: Describes Bhogavatī in comparison.

भोगवतीम् (bhogavatīm) - Bhogavatī (the capital city of the nāgas) (Bhogavatī (city of nāgas))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhogavatī

bhogavatī - Bhogavatī (the name of the capital city of the Nāgas in Pātāla, the underworld)

Feminine form of bhogavat.

Note: Object of comparison.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

अचिन्त्याम् (acintyām) - inconceivable, unimaginable

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of acintya

acintya - inconceivable, unimaginable, incomprehensible, not to be thought of

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

Formed from a (not) + cintya (to be thought of, from root cint).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+cintya)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• cintya – to be thought of, conceivable
  adjective
  Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
  From root cint (to think).
  Root: cint (class 10)

Note: Modifies implicit laṅkām or purīm.

सुकृताम् (sukṛtām) - well-built, well-made

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sukṛta

sukṛta - well-done, well-made, skillfully constructed; good deed

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, to make) with prefix su.

Compound type : pra-ādi tatpurusha (su+kṛta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'good' or 'well'.
• kṛta – made, done, created
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, to make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies implicit laṅkām or purīm.

स्पष्टाम् (spaṣṭām) - clear, distinct, evident

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of spaṣṭa

spaṣṭa - clear, distinct, manifest, evident, visible

Past Passive Participle

From root spaś (to see, to perceive).

Root: spaś (class 1)

Note: Modifies implicit laṅkām or purīm.

कुबेराध्युषिताम् (kuberādhyuṣitām) - inhabited by Kubera

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kuberādhyuṣita

kuberādhyuṣita - inhabited by Kubera

Past Passive Participle

Compound: kubera + adhyuṣita. adhyuṣita from adhi-vas (to inhabit).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kubera+adhyuṣita)

• kubera – Kubera (the god of wealth and king of the yakṣas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• adhyuṣita – inhabited, dwelt in, occupied
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vas (to dwell) with prefix adhi.
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Modifies implicit laṅkām or purīm.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in ancient times

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the past inhabitation by Kubera.