वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-2, verse-51

काञ्चनानि विचित्राणि तोरणानि च रक्षसाम् ।
लङ्कामुद्द्योतयामासुः सर्वतः समलंकृताम् ॥५१॥

51. kāñcanāni vicitrāṇi toraṇāni ca rakṣasām ,
laṅkāmuddyotayāmāsuḥ sarvataḥ samalaṃkṛtām.

51. kāñcanāni vicitrāṇi toraṇāni ca rakṣasām
laṅkām uddyotayām āsuḥ sarvataḥ samalaṅkṛtām

51. rakṣasām kāñcanāni vicitrāṇi toraṇāni ca
sarvataḥ samalaṅkṛtām laṅkām uddyotayām āsuḥ

51. The golden and splendid arched gateways of the (rākṣasas) demons illuminated Lanka, which was thoroughly adorned on all sides.

Words meanings summery:

• काञ्चनानि (kāñcanāni) - golden

• विचित्राणि (vicitrāṇi) - varied, wonderful, splendid

• तोरणानि (toraṇāni) - arched gateways

• च (ca) - and

• रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the demons (rākṣasas) (of the rākṣasas)

• लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - Lanka

• उद्द्योतयाम् (uddyotayām) - illuminating

• आसुः (āsuḥ) - they were

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

• समलङ्कृताम् (samalaṅkṛtām) - well-adorned, thoroughly decorated

Words meanings and morphology

काञ्चनानि (kāñcanāni) - golden

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of kāñcana

kāñcana - golden, made of gold

Note: Agrees with 'toraṇāni'.

विचित्राणि (vicitrāṇi) - varied, wonderful, splendid

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of vicitra

vicitra - varied, diverse, wonderful, splendid

Prefix: vi

Root: citr

Note: Agrees with 'toraṇāni'.

तोरणानि (toraṇāni) - arched gateways

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of toraṇa

toraṇa - arched gateway, triumphal arch

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the demons (rākṣasas) (of the rākṣasas)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, rākṣasa

लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - Lanka

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Lanka (the capital city of Ravana)

उद्द्योतयाम् (uddyotayām) - illuminating

(verb)

causative stem

from root 'dyut' (to shine) with prefix 'ud', in causative form

Prefix: ud

Root: dyut (class 1)

Note: This is the stem 'uddyotaya' + am, forming part of a periphrastic perfect verb.

आसुः (āsuḥ) - they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of as

perfect active

3rd person plural of 'as' used as auxiliary in periphrastic perfect

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb for periphrastic perfect, 'uddyotayām āsuḥ' meaning 'they illuminated'.

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

(indeclinable)

from sarva + suffix -tas

समलङ्कृताम् (samalaṅkṛtām) - well-adorned, thoroughly decorated

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samalaṅkṛta

samalaṅkṛta - well-adorned, thoroughly decorated

past passive participle

from root kṛ with prefixes sam- and alaṃ

Prefixes: sam+alaṃ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'laṅkām'.