वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-29, verse-50

तदेवं विहिते कार्ये यद्धितं पुरुषर्षभ ।
तत्तद्ब्रूहि नरश्रेष्ठ त्वर कालव्यतिक्रमः ॥५०॥

50. tadevaṃ vihite kārye yaddhitaṃ puruṣarṣabha ,
tattadbrūhi naraśreṣṭha tvara kālavyatikramaḥ.

50. tat evam vihite kārye yat hitam puruṣarṣabha |
tat tat brūhi naraśreṣṭha tvara kāla-vyatikramaḥ

50. puruṣarṣabha,
evam kārye vihite yat hitam,
tat tat brūhi naraśreṣṭha,
tvara,
kāla-vyatikramaḥ

50. Therefore, with this task thus performed, O chief among men (puruṣarṣabha), tell me what is beneficial. O best among men (naraśreṣṭha), make haste, for time is passing swiftly.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - therefore (therefore, that, so)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way (thus, in this manner, so)

• विहिते (vihite) - having been performed, accomplished (performed, accomplished, arranged)

• कार्ये (kārye) - in this task/matter (in the work, in the task, in the action)

• यत् (yat) - whatever (which, what, that)

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, suitable (beneficial, salutary, good, placed, arranged)

• पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O chief among men (O chief among men, O best among men)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to what is beneficial) (that)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to what is beneficial) (that)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (me) (tell, speak, say)

• नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best among men (O best among men, O foremost of men)

• त्वर (tvara) - hasten (hasten, make haste)

• काल-व्यतिक्रमः (kāla-vyatikramaḥ) - time is passing, delay occurs (transgression of time, passing of time, delay)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - therefore (therefore, that, so)

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

विहिते (vihite) - having been performed, accomplished (performed, accomplished, arranged)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vihita

vihita - performed, done, arranged, ordained, appointed, prescribed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'dhā' (to place, do) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

कार्ये (kārye) - in this task/matter (in the work, in the task, in the action)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - work, task, duty, business, action to be done

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

Formed from 'kṛ' (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यत् (yat) - whatever (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that, in order that

Note: Refers to 'hitam'.

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, suitable (beneficial, salutary, good, placed, arranged)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, good, salutary, placed, laid, suitable

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'dhā' (to place, do) with 'i' augment and 'hi' root modification.

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Can also be a noun (benefit, welfare). Here, used nominally.

पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O chief among men (O chief among men, O best among men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - chief among men, best of men, bull among men

Tatpurusha compound: 'puruṣa' (man) + 'ṛṣabha' (bull, best).

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person, male, spirit
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent, superior
  noun (masculine)

तत् (tat) - that (referring to what is beneficial) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

तत् (tat) - that (referring to what is beneficial) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (me) (tell, speak, say)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative Mood, Active Voice, Second Person Singular

Irregular imperative from 'brū'.

Root: brū (class 2)

नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best among men (O best among men, O foremost of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best of men, chief of men, foremost of men

Tatpurusha compound: 'nara' (man) + 'śreṣṭha' (best).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, human being, male, a hero
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief, superior, most beautiful
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya (excellent).

त्वर (tvara) - hasten (hasten, make haste)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of tvar

Imperative Mood, Active Voice, Second Person Singular

Root class 1.

Root: tvar (class 1)

काल-व्यतिक्रमः (kāla-vyatikramaḥ) - time is passing, delay occurs (transgression of time, passing of time, delay)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kālavyatikrama

kālavyatikrama - lapse of time, delay, transgression of time, violation of time

Tatpurusha compound: 'kāla' (time) + 'vyatikrama' (transgression, passing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+vyatikrama)

• kāla – time, period, season, death, fate
  noun (masculine)
• vyatikrama – transgression, violation, delay, lapse, passing beyond, reverse order
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'kram' (to step) with 'vi' and 'ati' prefixes.
  Prefixes: vi+ati
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Implies 'kala-vyatikramaḥ asti' (there is a passing of time / delay).